LEACH
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK SIMULATION
INTRODUCTION
- A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices using sensors to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants.
INTRODUCTION
- The Wireless Sensor protocol examined in this study is Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy LEACH.
-
It has the
functionality of dividing the sensor nodes into groups (clusters)
which are managed by a coordinator node called the cluster
head (CH).
-
These are the ones that then transmit the data to
the destination data sink or base station(BS)
LEACH PROTOCOL (1)
- Layered routing protocol for WSN with self organisation and dynamic cluster formation giving the advantage of low energy consumption and long survival time.
-
The sensor nodes in a WSN based on the LEACH
protocol have three operational activities with respect to data :
- acquisition- processing- transmission
LEACH PROTOCOL(2)
-
Operation of LEACH is split into two
phases: Setup phase and Steady state phases with the duration time
of each know as a round.
-
Setup phase has the following:
Cluster-Head advertisement,
Cluster setup
Transmission
schedule creation
-
Each sensor node generates a
random number 0-1 and used to select the Cluster heads for the Clusters
LEACH PROTOCOL(3)
-
In the Steady-state phase the main operation is maintaining
the CH while data is transmitting between the nodes with the
operations:
Data transmission to CH
Signal processing
Data transmission to the base station.
LEACH PROTOCOL(4)
-
Cluster-head Advertisement
-
Let x be the random # between 0 and 1, n is the given node, P is the cluster-head probability, r is
the current round, G is the set of nodes that were
not cluster-heads the previous rounds.
-
If x as operation according to the T(n) equation.
-
Nodes that are cluster-heads in round 0 can’t be
again next 1/P rounds ; after 1/P - 1, the threshold value will be T(n)=1
-
In 1/P rounds, all nodes are eligible again to become cluster-heads
-
After the election of cluster head, each of the nodes will broadcasts an advertisement message to the rest
of the nodes by using a CSMA MAC protocol.
LEACH PROTOCOL(5)
Steady-state phase algorithm:
The following occurs once the cluster enters the steady-state phase:
-
Begin sensing and transmitting data to the cluster-
heads.
-
Then, the cluster-head node, receive all the data,
aggregates it before sending it to the base-station.
-
After a certain time, which is determined a priori, the network goes back into the setup phase.
SIMULATION(1)
-
NS3 is not backward
compatible with NS2; it’s built from the scratch to replace
NS2.
-
NS3 is written in C++, Python Programming Language
can be optionally used as an interface.
-
NS3 is trying to solve problems present in NS2.
-
There is very limited number of contributed codes made
with NS3 compared to NS2
-
NS-3 generates pcap packet
trace files; other utilities such as Wireshark can be used to
analyse traces as well.
SIMULATION(2)
LEACH parameters: Cluster type Dynamic Cluster Heads percentage (Cluster Heads selection cycle 1.00)
Number of Nodes 50
Network size 100 X 100
Initial Battery power 0.75
Sensors that elect to CH 5% of total sensors
Dead nodes 1
Base Station Position X=99 Y=99
ADV broadcast Distance 25
Trials 15
SIMULATION(3)
Simulation cast https://asciinema.org/a/9544
RESULTS(1)
RESULTS(2)
RESULTS(3)
CONCLUSION
-
The energy of the network decreases rapidly and then
increase and so on in 2 minutes , as shown in Results graphs.
-
This
is because the effective of transmitting and receiving data in
the network. In LEACH protocol we have the limited energy.
In it we have a given interval after a given interval of time; a
randomised rotation of the role of the CH is conducted so that
uniform energy dissipation in the sensor network is obtained.
-
In LEACH protocol more energy is consumed because of head
changes, advertisements etc.
QUESTIONS
?
LEACH WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK SIMULATION
LEACH
By abdulrahim umar
LEACH
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