LA PRESENTAZIONE DOVREBBE AVER CAMBIATO IN AUTOMATICO.  ORA SIETE GENTILMENTE PREGATI DI SPEGNERE IL MICROFONO E ANCHE LA VIDEOCHIAMERA.

SU MEET LA BANDA NON È LARGHISSIMA

E QUINDI PER FARE IN MODO CHE QUESTA PRESENTAZIONE ASSOMIGLIASSE IL PIÙ POSSIBILE AD UNA FATTA IN CLASSE ABBIAMO ADOTTATO QUESTO SISTEMA PER EVITARE CHE LE SLIDES RISULTASSERO SGRANATE COME SU MEET, E PER PERMETTERE A TUTTI

DI SENTIRE BENE.

-LA REDAZIONE

0.2

ANDREA GIGNI

MARTINO GIANNONE

ANDREA PARODI

LORENZO NUNZIANTE

I

- The late Victorian Age is set from 1870 to 1901

- This period is characterized by a decay of the traditional Victorian values and a general sense of crisis and disillusion

- The scientific discoveries shown at the Great Exhibition in 1851 stopped

- Apex of imperialism

II

- 1861: Death of Prince Albert

- Queen Victoria is still the leading figure

- Regroupement of the political parties

Whig                       Liberals                       Leader: William Gladstone 

Tories                     Conservatives                       Leader: Benjamin Disraeli  

                  They win the political elections   

III

+

=

Britain was a constitutional monarchy

                                     because                                                                   

the power of the Monarch was greatly restricted by Parliament

                                     so

this system became one of the most democratic in Europe during the 19th century

The politics of the country was dominated by                  Conservatives

                                                                                                  Liberals

​IV

VI

IRELAND: many protestant and catholic wanted self-government      

                                           Home Rule             - Gladstone tried to pass it 3 times                                                                                    at Parliament                                                                  

AFRICA:  explorers and adventurers (e.g. Dr Livingstone and Cecil Rhodes) helped the discovery of new lands and the extension of the British Empire

1877 : Queen Victoria was declared Empress of India

VII

VIII

1899-1902: Second Boer War                     commonly referred as the "Boer War"

Victory of the British Empire

The Boer republics turned into British colonies

                                                    Union of South Africa

IX

X

Industrial

Revolution

more people

in the cities

problems linked to education, housing and health care

SO

4 types of reforms

• Parliamentary reform

• Workers Rights

• Education

• Social Welfare

XI

Parliamentary reform

-two reforms acts (1832 and 1867)

-1870: Education Act

-1871: Trade Union Act

-1875: Public Health Act

-1875:Artisans’ Dwelling Act

-1884: Third Reform act

XII

• mechanisation of agriculture, improvement in manifactures and sanitation BUT health still an issue

• private retail boom: public innovation

• competition of USA and Germany: need to educate people so Education Act

doubts and disillusion about the Victorian age

impossibility of Free Trade = less economic power

XIII

XIV

• Novels had quite the same episodic structure
• Research of Thematic unity brought in by Jane Austen 
• Omniscient Narrator
• Literature             Vehicle to correct vices and weaknesses
• Setting: most of the time as the city

• Realistic                                   Scientific knowledge
• Humanitarian                         Democtracy
• Critical                                     Spirit of moral unrest​ 

XV

Dealt with economic and social problems

A Master of the genre was William Thackeray

Dealt directly with the turmoil of the 1830s and 1840s

Remarkable for this gerne were Elizabeth Gaskell's novels

The master was Charles Dickens. It combined humor with a sentimental plea for reform in favor of the less fortunate. Can be divided in:

Realistic

Fantastic

Moral

XVI

Popular with Charlotte Brontë and Charles Dickens.

Dealt with a character's development from young age to maturity.

George Eliot              complexity of human beings

Thomas Hardy               characters described  by their native                           local  but "far" from it.

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll

Book of nonsense by Edward Lear

Nosensical Universe, Social rules disintegrate

XVII

Illogical aspects of life

Double nature of Victorian society

Exalted British Empire

White and English man was superior

XVIII

Women read more than men because they had to spend their time at home.

Not easy to publish: some of them used a male pseudonym

(Mary Ann Evans              George Eliot)

Because creative writing was considered masculine

   Charlotte and Emily Brontë

   Elizabeth Gaskell

   George Eliot

Most important female writers

XIX

XX

XXI

XXII

XXIII

• ​last decades of the 19th century:
•  widespread because it reflected the frustration and uncertainty of the artist
•   famous motto “Art for Art’s sake”
•  one of the major exponents of this period is Oscar Wilde

• bohemien: emphasis on excess, beauty and art against the monotony of bourgeois life

XXIV

• Moral and aesthetic imperative
• Only “Art as the cult of Beauty” could prevent the murder of the soul
• Beauty has nothing to do with morality
• Art is pretty useless, it goes against Utilitarianism.

XXV

In England imported by Whistler, then Pater (also thanks to the influence of Keats and Ruskin)

• “Studies in the History of the Renaissance” and “Marius the Epicurean”: successful for the demoralising message

• for him life was to be lived with art, the artist was seen as the transcriber of the world of his sense

XXVI

• influenced by Pater

• art has not a didactic aim- influence on Wilde and the Rhymers’ Club

• features of these works: excessive attention to the self and hedonistic and sensuous attitude

• the dandy: a person who lives on Beauty and makes his life a work of art

XXVII