Images of Knowledge (?) / Milestones of Graphic Presentation of Data in Hungary
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/11415252/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
Attila Bátorfy, ELTE MMI/Átló
Kőszeg, Institute of Advanced Studies
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/9146439/eltemmilogo.jpeg)
The scope
visual representations carrying information
numbers
pictographs
script
fonetic script
hieroglyphs
tokens
informational images
pictograms
tables
signs
diagrams
information graphics
data graphics
infographics
statistical diagrams
visualizations
scientific imagery
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/11273671/Screenshot_2024-04-18_at_8.13.48.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/11273675/Screenshot_2024-04-18_at_8.14.34.png)
logical diagrams
statistical/mathematical diagrams
"normal" map
data map
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10925687/Screenshot_2023-11-16_at_12.37.15.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/7893938/Leonardo_da_Vinci_-_Plan_of_Imola_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg)
i.e. 40 000k.
Szváziföld
rovátka
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10821762/lebombo.jpg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10821765/tokens.jpg)
i.e. 3300k.
Mezopotámia
tokenek
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10821761/porfiriana.jpg)
520k.
Porfiriosz/Boethius
fastruktúra
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10821764/decursu2.jpg)
950k.
Ismeretlen
vonaldiagram
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10821820/oresme.jpg)
1350k.
Nicole Oresme
oszlopdiagram
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10821839/landgren.jpg)
1644
Michael van Langren
statisztikai diagram
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10821861/plot.jpg)
1685
Robert Plot
az első grafikon
1721
Athanasius Kircher?
modern oszlopdiagram
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10819334/vizdata_6x6-cm_ff-4.jpg)
1765
Joseph Priestley
idővonal
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10819302/vizdata_6x6-cm_ff-35.jpg)
1786
William Playfair
felületdiagram
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10819283/vizdata_6x6-cm_ff-54.jpg)
1786
William Playfair
rúddiagram
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10822003/coxcomb.png)
1829
André-Michel Guerry
rózsadiagram
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10819328/vizdata_6x6-cm_ff-10.jpg)
1801
William Playfair
kördiagram
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10819298/vizdata_6x6-cm_ff-39.jpg)
1786
William Playfair
folyamdiagram
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10825596/piktogram.jpg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10819310/vizdata_6x6-cm_ff-27.jpg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10825906/fourcroy.jpg)
i.e. 3100k.
Mezopotámia
piktogramok
1782
Charles de Fourcroy
négyzetosztás
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10819285/vizdata_6x6-cm_ff-52.jpg)
1770
Philippe Buache
halmozott oszlop
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10819293/vizdata_6x6-cm_ff-44.jpg)
1844
Charles-Joseph Minard
Marimekko-diagram
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10819289/vizdata_6x6-cm_ff-48.jpg)
1877
Georg von Mayr
radardiagram
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10819332/vizdata_6x6-cm_ff-5.jpg)
1886
Francis Galton
pontdiagram
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10819274/vizdata_6x6-cm_ff-70.jpg)
1889
Matthey Henry Sankey
Sankey-diagram
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10819281/vizdata_6x6-cm_ff-56.jpg)
1877
Georg von Mayr
területdiagram
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10819327/vizdata_6x6-cm_ff-9.jpg)
1873
Touissant Loua
hőtérkép
1914
Willard C. Brinton
jeldiagram
1925
Otto és Marie Neurath
ISOTYPE
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10819291/vizdata_6x6-cm_ff-46.jpg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10819272/vizdata_6x6-cm_ff-73.jpg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10819320/vizdata_6x6-cm_ff-17.jpg)
1895
Karl Pearson
hisztogram
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10819286/vizdata_6x6-cm_ff-51.jpg)
1934
Jacob Moreno
szociogram
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10819317/vizdata_6x6-cm_ff-20.jpg)
1970
John W. Tukey
box plot
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10819316/vizdata_6x6-cm_ff-21.jpg)
1997
Jerry Hintze és Ray Nelson
hegedűdiagram
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10819273/vizdata_6x6-cm_ff-71.jpg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10819275/vizdata_6x6-cm_ff-61.jpg)
1999
Ethan Rasiel
vízesésdiagram
2004
Martin Krzwinsky
húrdiagram
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10826206/gantt.jpg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10826209/schneiderman.jpg)
1916
Henry Gantt
Gantt chart
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10819280/vizdata_6x6-cm_ff-57.jpg)
1908
Georgi Voronoi
Voronoi-diagram
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10826216/ternaryplot.jpg)
1897
WD Bancroft
ternary-plot
1991
Ben Shneiderman
treemap
2017
Ellie Highwood
vonalkód chart
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10826243/snapshot-1697062249013.png)
diagrams as images of knowledge
diagrams and knowledge
Aristotle: "visual proof" of mathematical theorems
Ramón Llull: "visual evidence of the "science" of God"
Charles S. Peirce: "reasoning and proving is based on diagrammatic thinking"
Bruno Latour: "diagrams make facts harder"
Howard Wainer: "visual revelations"
Johanna Drucker: "our knowledge exists mostly through diagrams"
diagrams as data graphics as images of knowledge
Gottfried Boehm (iconic turn): useful images
Horst Bredekamp (Bildwissenschaft): epistemic images
James Elkins: informational images
Sybille Kramer: operative images
critical problems
over the last twenty years, more and more people have been questioning this interpretation based on cognitive psychology, epistemology, ideology and representation
how do we use diagrams?
exploration
explanation
- to discover
- to understand
- to analyse
- to test
- to prove or disprove
- to find insights
- to find new questions
- to show
- to enlighten
- to explain
- to persuade
- to manipulate
some classics
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10468006/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
William Playfair: The Commercial and Political Atlas, 1786
- The first book containing dozens of data graphics
- The first use of data graphics for statistical data
- Charts as we know them
- "standard"
- explanations of "how to read" them
- essay on the value of graphics
- area chart, bar chart, pie chart
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/7307818/Playfair_TimeSeries.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/7307817/playfair1.jpg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/7307820/playfair2.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/7307816/Playfair-piechart.jpg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/11417623/Screenshot_2024-06-18_at_7.51.57.png)
Valentine Seaman's yellow fever map
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/7893794/Valentine_Seaman_s_map_of_yellow_fever_epidemic_in_New_York_City__Plate_2_of_2_.jpg)
- 1795–96, New York
- 1798
- the first disease map
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/7893804/639px-Snow-cholera-map-1.jpg)
"Snow's" cholera map
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/7893794/Valentine_Seaman_s_map_of_yellow_fever_epidemic_in_New_York_City__Plate_2_of_2_.jpg)
correlation:
S=waste
x=case
Seaman's
wrong conclusion because of miasma theory:
waste causes fever
=mosquitos
Florence Nightingale: Causes of Mortality, 1863
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/7941218/nightingale.jpg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/11416864/Nightingale_2x__2_.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/7941159/guerry_1829.jpg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/11416878/Screenshot_2024-06-17_at_21.54.04.png)
AM Guerry, 1829
William Farr, 1852
Charles-Joseph Minard: Napoleon's Russian campaign of 1812-13, 1869
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/7968649/Minard.png)
W.E.B Du Bois: The American Negro, 1900
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/7992726/dubois1.jpg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/7992728/dubois2.png)
W.E.B Du Bois: The American Negro, 1900
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/7992719/Screen_Shot_2020-11-30_at_22.02.02.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/7992718/Screen_Shot_2020-11-30_at_22.02.10.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/7992729/dubois3.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/7992730/dubois4.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/7992732/dubois5.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/7992731/dubois6.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/11416897/Screenshot_2024-06-17_at_22.02.25.png)
Tynan DeBold and Dov Friedman: Battling Infectious Diseases, WSJ, 2015
https://graphics.wsj.com/infectious-diseases-and-vaccines/
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/9147073/history_of_information_graphics_ju_int_3d_03435_1905151058_id_1253507.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/9147082/trees.jpeg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/9147075/cartotime.jpg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/9147080/81nnxJ2TcnL.jpeg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/9147074/wainerfriendly.jpg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/9147076/dubois.jpeg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/9147084/humboldt.jpeg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/9147078/berkowitz.jpeg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10445822/information_graphic_visionaries_publication_i.width-1440_zG0FCWW4wvRdS6Yk.jpg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10445829/41FMK3MFk3S._SX319_BO1_204_203_200_.jpg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10446340/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10446342/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10446343/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
Étienne-Jules Marey, 1878
Howard G. Funkhouser, 1937
Michael Friendly, 2005–
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10446357/Screenshot_2023-05-04_at_10.37.14.png)
Michael Friendly: The Milestones Project, 2001–
Something is missing: the entire world outside the West
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10449527/Screenshot_2023-05-05_at_9.18.02.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10449526/Screenshot_2023-05-05_at_9.18.15.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10779143/Screenshot_2023-09-25_at_13.25.34.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10779142/Screenshot_2023-09-25_at_13.00.15.png)
my incorrect observation: low production, poor quality
after the research: high quality, many innovation but 50 years later
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/9865254/friendlyaltlatszo.png)
Michael Friendly:A Brief History of Data Visualization. In Chun-houn Chen, Wolfgang Karl Hardle, Anthony Unwin (szerk.): Handbook of Data Visualization. Springer Verlag, 2006, p. 16.
az első ismert magyar adatgrafika
magyar "aranykor"
magyar "aranykor"
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10531878/magyarsztori.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/9112586/Screenshot_2021-11-16_at_7.29.17.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/9112585/Screenshot_2021-11-16_at_7.29.27.png)
Weiss Ferenc - Ephemerides Meteorologicae Tyrnavienses, 1763, 1766, Budapest, ELTE Egyetemi Könyvtár és Archívum
Első közlés: Réthly Ferenc: Időjárási események és elemi csapások Magyarországon 1701–1800. Budapest, 1970 p. 207, 222
The first Hungarian data graphic
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/9865282/Screenshot_2022-09-24_at_18.27.24.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/9865281/Screenshot_2022-09-24_at_18.29.00.png)
The first flow map. Imre Milecz, 1773
Milecz Imre (Emericus): Mappa Regni Hungariae demonstrans universas caesareo regias salis stationes. Regis Hungariae, Croatiae, Schlavonia, magni item Principatui Transilvaniae ingremiatas, Posonii, 1773. OSZK
Azonosította: Papp-Váry Árpád, Klinghammer Ferenc
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10034399/Screenshot_2022-11-25_at_0.11.45.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10034398/Screenshot_2022-11-25_at_0.03.06.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10034406/Screenshot_2022-11-25_at_0.03.26.png)
Henry Drury Harness, 1837
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/9868653/Harness_Ireland_Railroad_Map_1838.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/9868663/02_map_post_minard_napolean.jpeg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/9868653/Harness_Ireland_Railroad_Map_1838.png)
Charles-Joseph Minard, 1869
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10112990/1_wienpesttemesvarbaziaschgalatz-postajarati-terkepe-677354.jpg)
? Müller - Postal routes between WIen and Galac, 1868, Postamúzeum
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10112990/1_wienpesttemesvarbaziaschgalatz-postajarati-terkepe-677354.jpg)
Müller's geometric map, 1868
Harry Beck - Map of London's Underground Railway Network, 1933, David Rumsey Map Collection
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10449778/8691003.jpg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10113003/Screenshot_2022-12-25_at_21.02.16.png)
Az 1885–1895. évi budapesti építkezések. Budapesti Statisztikai Közlemények 28. Budapest: Grill Károly
József Kőrösy and the missing link towards Isotype, 1898
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10113004/Screenshot_2022-12-25_at_21.02.30.png)
Willard Brinton: Graphic Methods for Presenting Facts, 1914/19
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/9870352/Screenshot_2022-09-26_at_22.41.46.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/7992926/isotype.png)
Otto és Marie Neurath, Gerd Arntz:
Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft, 1930
Balogh Pál – Proff Kocsárd: Magyarország fajnépei a vármegyék járásaiban, 1902
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/10442820/balogh2.jpeg)
The first mosaic map, 1902
Balogh Pál – Proff Kocsárd: Magyarország fajnépei a vármegyék járásaiban, 1902
The first mosaic map, 1902
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/7456490/Képernyőfotó_2020-06-11_-_19.32.58.png)
The first football-analytics, 1922-
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/9868424/ns1.jpg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/9868425/ns2.jpg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/9868420/ns3.jpg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/9868423/ns5.jpg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/9868421/ns4.jpg)
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![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/8620588/14246001.jpg)
1933
1937
1940
The first urban-statistics albums
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/8620642/14245028.jpg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/8620643/14245070.jpg)
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György Markos, the first data journalist
Markos (May)? - Les trusts contre le France, 1936–37
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/1083464/images/9870398/OF-TOL-22001912.jpg)
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Régards, 1938
Magyar Nemzet, 1939–41
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A magyar ipar száz éve, 1941
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Archiving, digitization
Archiving, digitization
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thank you!
batorfy.attila@btk.elte.hu
Images of Knowledge
By Attila Bátorfy
Images of Knowledge
- 83