Design Pattern
Advanced Programming
SUT • Spring 2019
Contents
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OOP Design
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Design Patterns
OOP Design
interfaces
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Defines a protocol
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an interface promises a certain functionality
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All the classes implementing the interface provide their own implementations for the promised functionality
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A class combines the state and the behavior of a real object
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An interface specifies (only) the behavior of an abstract entity
Famous Java Interfaces
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Comparable<T>
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int compareTo(T o)
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java.io.Serializable
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No method
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Sometimes, interfaces have no method
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The interface itself, is the protocol
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Collection, Itertable, Iterator
Mechanisms of Code Reuse
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Generics
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Inheritance
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Composition
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interface
Composition
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Inheritance: is-a
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Composition: has-a
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Circle has a center
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Other examples?
public class Circle {
private Point center;
}
Composition vs. Inheritance
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You can make a base class
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And put the common functionality of many classes in it
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But always check:
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Whether the is-a relationship exists between the derived classes and the base class
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If the is-a relationship does not hold, Use composition instead of inheritance
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Favor Composition over Inheritance
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Example
public Class Sorting {
public list sort(List list) {
// sort implementation
return list;
}
}
class DynamicDataSet extends Sorting {
// DynamicDataSet implementation
}
class SnapshotDataSet extends Sorting {
// SnapshotDataSet implementation
}
Problems with this Inheritance
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is-a
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DynamicDataSet is-a Sorting? No.
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What if the two types of data set classes have a genuine base class, DataSet?
Notes
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Favor composition over inheritance
Use composition to get code that is easy to change
and loosely coupled
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Make your classes dependent on interfaces, not on the actual implementation
findBest(List<T>)
class DynamicDataSet { Sorting sorting; }
Do not depend on MergeSorting
IDE Support
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Refactoring techniques are widely supported by IDEs
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Practice it in Intelij
The Two Hats
- Kent Beck's metaphor of two hats
- Divide your time between two distinct activities
- adding function
- refactoring
Why Should I Refactor?
- Refactoring Improves the Design of Software
- Refactoring Makes Software Easier to Understand
- Refactoring Helps You Find Bugs
- Refactoring Helps You Program Faster
- Refactoring makes your code more maintainable
When Should You Refactor?
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The Rule of Three:
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Refactor When You Add Function
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Refactor When You Need to Fix a Bug
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Refactor As You Do a Code Review
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Example
public class Main {
public void main(String[] args){
Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Rectangle Info.");
System.out.print("Enter the width: ");
int a1 = s.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter the length: ");
int a2 = s.nextInt();
System.out.println("Rectangle Info.");
System.out.print("Enter the width: ");
int b1 = s.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter the length: ");
int b2 = s.nextInt();
int x = a1*a2;
int y = b1*b2;
if(x == y)
System.out.println("Equal");
}
}
Find bad smells!
Refactor the Code!
Example
public class Main {
public void main(String[] args){
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Rectangle Info.");
System.out.print("Enter the width: ");
int width1 = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter the length: ");
int length1 = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.println("Rectangle Info.");
System.out.print("Enter the width: ");
int width2 = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter the length: ");
int length2 = scanner.nextInt();
int area1 = width1*length1;
int area2 = width2*length2;
if(area1 == area2)
System.out.println("Equal");
}
}
Rename…
Example
public class Rectangle{
private int length , width;
public int getLength() {
return length;
}
public void setLength(int length) {
this.length = length;
}
public int getWidth() {
return width;
}
public void setWidth(int width) {
this.width = width;
}
public Rectangle(int length, int width) {
this.length = length;
this.width = width;
}
}
Extract Class…
Example
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args){
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Rectangle Info.");
System.out.print("Enter the width: ");
int width = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter the length: ");
int length = scanner.nextInt();
Rectangle rectangle1 = new Rectangle(length, width);
System.out.println("Rectangle Info.");
System.out.print("Enter the width: ");
width = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter the length: ");
length = scanner.nextInt();
Rectangle rectangle2 = new Rectangle(length, width);
int area1 = rectangle1.getWidth()*rectangle1.getLength();
int area2 = rectangle2.getWidth()*rectangle2.getLength();
if(area1 == area2)
System.out.println("Equal");
}
}
Extract Class…
Example
public class Rectangle {
private static Rectangle readRectangle(Scanner scanner) {
int width;
int length;
System.out.println("Rectangle Info.");
System.out.print("Enter the width: ");
width = scanner.nextInt();
System.out.print("Enter the length: ");
length = scanner.nextInt();
Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle(length, width);
return rectangle;
}
}
Extract Method…
Refactored Code
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args){
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
Rectangle rectangle1 = readRectangle(scanner);
Rectangle rectangle2 = readRectangle(scanner);
int area1 = rectangle1.area();
int area2 = rectangle2.area();
if(area1 == area2)
System.out.println("Equal");
}
}
Final Refactor ...
References
- Refactoring: improving the design of existing code, Martin Fowler, Kent Beck, John Brant, William Opdyke, Don Roberts (1999)
Design Pattern
Title Text
Design Pattern
By Behnam Hatami
Design Pattern
Design Pattern / Advanced Programming Course @ SUT, Spring 2019
- 975