HTML 102

Web Programming Course

SUT • Fall 2018

TOC

  • HTML5
    • History
    • What's New
      • Markup
      • APIs
    • Form
      • Validation
    • Semantic Elements
  • Document Outline
    • Sectioning Elements
    • Sectioning Roots
  • Web APIs
  • Debugging
  • Accessibility

More on here & here

HTML5

  • 1991  HTML 1.0 (IETF)
  • 1995  HTML 2.0 (IETF)
  • 1997  HTML 3.2 (W3C)
  • 1997  HTML 4.0 (W3C)
  • 1999  HTML 4.01 (W3C)
  • 2000  XHTML 1.0 (W3C)
  • 2001  XHTML 1.1 (W3C)
  • 2002-2010  XHTML 2.0 (W3C)
    (abandoned for HTML5)

History

  • 2004  WHATWG proposed HTML5
  • 2006  W3C joined
  • 2014  HTML 5.0 (W3C)
  • 2016  HTML 5.1 (W3C)
  • 2017  HTML 5.2 (W3C)

What's New?

Image © Wikipedia

What's New?

Markup

  • <!DOCTYPE>
  • Character Encoding
  • New Input Types
  • New Form Elements
  • Semantic Elements
  • New Elements & Attributes:
    • <audio>​, <video>​
    • SVG, <svg>​
    • ...

New APIs

  • Canvas
  • Drag and Drop
  • History API
  • Offline Apps
  • Web Storage
  • Web Workers
  • Web Messaging
  • Web Socket
  • ...

What's New?

Markup

New Doctype

<!DOCTYPE html>

Simpler Character Encoding

<!DOCTYPE html>

<!-- HTML 4.01 -->
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">

<!-- some authors might miss the quotes: -->
<meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html; charset=UTF-8>

<!-- HTML 5 -->
<meta charset="UTF-8">

What's New?

New Input Types

<!DOCTYPE html>

<input type="time">
<input type="date">
<input type="datetime-local">
<input type="month">
<input type="week">
<input type="color">
<input type="number">
<input type="email">
<input type="url">
<input type="search">
<input type="tel">
<input type="range" min="1" max="10" step="2">

Markup

Online Demo

More on MDN

What's New?

New Form Elements

<!DOCTYPE html>

<form oninput="result.value=parseInt(a.value)+parseInt(b.value)">
  <input type="range" name="b" value="50"> +
  <input type="number" name="a" value="10"> =

  <output name="result">60</output>
</form>

Markup

<output>

More on MDN

What's New?

New Form Elements

<!DOCTYPE html>
<label for="myBrowser">Choose a browser from this list:</label>
<input list="browsers" id="myBrowser" name="myBrowser">

<datalist id="browsers">
  <option value="Chrome">
  <option value="Firefox">
  <option value="Internet Explorer">
  <option value="Opera">
  <option value="Safari">
  <option value="Microsoft Edge">
</datalist>

Markup

<datalist>

More on MDN

RECALL: Containers

Generic Containers

  <body>
    <div id="header"> ... </div>
    <div id="nav"> ... </div>
    <div class="article">
        My Awesome Article...
        <span class="author"> by John Doe </span>
        <a href="#2018-04-13"> April 13, 2018 </a>
      </p>
    </div>
    <div id="aside"> ... </div>
    <div id="footer"> ... </div>
  </body>

Markup

  • <div> (block-level container)
  • <span> (inline container)

What's New?

Semantic Elements Overview

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Sample HTML5 document</title>
  </head>

  <body>
    <header> ... </header>
    <nav> ... </nav>
    <article>
      <section> ... </section>
    </article>
    <aside> ... </aside>
    <footer> ... </footer>
  </body>
</html>

Markup

What's New?

Semantic Elements Overview

Markup

<!DOCTYPE html>
<header>
  ...
</header>
<nav>
  ...
</nav>
<article>
  <section>
    ...
  </section>
</article>
<aside>
  ...
</aside>
<footer>
  ...
</footer>

Online Demo

What's New?

Other New Elements

<!DOCTYPE html>

<progress value="70" max="100">70 %</progress>

<meter min="200" max="500"
  value="350">350 degrees</meter>

<audio controls>
  <source src="horse.ogg" type="audio/ogg">
  Your browser does not support the audio element.
</audio>

<video width="300" controls>
  <source src="mov_bbb.mp4" type="video/mp4">
  <source src="mov_bbb.ogg" type="video/ogg">
  Your browser does not support HTML5 video.
</video>

Markup

<progress>

70 %

<meter>

350 degrees

<audio>

<video>

What's New?

New Attributes

<!DOCTYPE html>

<p contenteditable>This is a paragraph</p>

<img src="loading.gif" data-src="..." alt="">

<p>
  <span> To be </span>
  <span hidden> or not to be </span> 
</p>

Markup

contenteditable
data-*
hidden,
...

This is a paragraph but it is an editable one!

To be

What's New?

Canvas 2D

APIs

More Demos Here & Here

HTML5 Form

Form Validation

<!DOCTYPE html>
<form action="user_favorites" method="post">
  <div>
    <label for="choose">Would you prefer an apple or an orange?</label>
    <input id="choose" name="i_like" required pattern="apple|orange">
  </div>
  <div>
    <label for="number">How many would you like?</label>
    <input type="number" id="number" name="amount"
      value="1" min="1" max="10">
  </div>
  <div>
    <button type="submit">Submit</button> or
    <button type="reset">Reset</button>
  </div>
</form>

Online Demo

More on MDN

To ensure that users fill out forms in the correct format

HTML5 Form

Form NO Validation

<!DOCTYPE html>
<form action="user_favorites" method="post" novalidate>
  <div>
    <label for="choose">
      Would you prefer an apple or an orange?
    </label>
    <input id="choose" name="i_like"
      required pattern="apple|orange">
  </div> ...
  <div>
    <button type="submit">Submit</button>
  </div>
</form>

Online Demo

More on MDN

To prevent the native form validation

HTML5 Form

Form Input Placeholders

<!DOCTYPE html>
<form action="login" method="post">
  <h1>Login Form</h1>
  
  <input type="email" name="email"
    placeholder="john@doe.com">
  
  <input type="password" name="password"
    placeholder="password">
  
  <input type="submit" value="Login">
</form>

Online Demo

More on MDN

To show an example input

Login Form

Note: placeholder might lead to bad UX

Semantic Elements

More on MDN & HTML5Doctor

HTML 4.01

HTML 5

Elements having a meaning, a role.

Semantic Elements

Document Outline

The semantic tree-like structure of a web page

<h1>Heading 1</h1>

<h2>Heading 2</h2>

<h3>Heading 3</h3>

<h4>Heading 4</h4>

<h5>Heading 5</h5>

<h6>Heading 6</h6>

Heading 1

Heading 2

Heading 3

Heading 4

Heading 5
Heading 6

More on MDN

  1. Heading 1
    1. Heading 2
      1. Heading 3
        1. Heading 4
          1. Heading 5
            1. Heading 6

Markup

Output

Outline

Document Outline

HTML5 proposed a new algorithm to overcome the 6-level limit

<h1>My fantastic site</h1>
<section>
  <h1>About me</h1>
  <p> I am a man who lives a
    fascinating life...</p>
  <section>
    <h1>What I do for a living</h1>
    <p>I sell enterprise-managed
      ant farms.</p>
  </section>
</section>
<section>
  <h1>Contact</h1>
  <p>Shout my name
    and I will come to you.</p>
</section>

More on HTML5Doctor

  1. My fantastic site
    1. About me
      1. What I do for a living
    2. Contact

Markup

Outline

Document Outline

The Idea is a bit older back to 1991:

I would in fact prefer, instead of <H1>, <H2> etc for headings to have a nestable <SECTION>..</SECTION> element, and a generic <H>..</H> which at any level within the sections would produce the required level of heading.

Document Outline

Sectioning Roots

Sectioning Elements

<body>, <blockquote>, <figure>, <details>, <fieldset>, <td>

<section>, <article>, <aside>, <nav>

An isolated part of a document having their own separate outlines

Define a new section in the outline

Try Online

Document Outline

HTML5 Outline Algorithm is NOT reliable

There are currently no known native implementations of the outline algorithm in graphical browsers or assistive technology user agents, although the algorithm is implemented in other software such as conformance checkers and browser extensions. Therefore the outline algorithm cannot be relied upon to convey document structure to users. Authors should use heading rank (h1-h6) to convey document structure.

Debugging

More on MDN, Medium, Chrome Devtools

Reference

HTML 102

By Behnam Hatami

Source: Hashem Qolami

HTML 102

HTML 102 / Web Programming Course @ SUT, Fall 2018

  • 1,605

More from Behnam Hatami