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Theses
Anti-theses
Syntheses
We can make a qualified guess by looking at our past.
Great nations rise and then fall
Cultural diversity has played a major part in the developement of human civilization throughout history.
Famous predictors
of the future
Pythia - The Oracle of Delphi
Nostradamus
Cassandra - The Cassandra syndrome
Rasputin
Nornorna
John Collier - Priestess of Delphi
Nostradamus by his son Cesar
Rasputin - Photo by unknown
Wilhelm Burger - Nornorna Urd, Verdandi och Skuld
Do you Believe it's possible to predict the future?
Since the 70's we're using the natural resources of one and a half planet.
Is our modern civilization doomed to collapse from an ecological perspective?
What can we do as a society?
What can we, as private Citizens, do?
What do you think is the most likely future downfall of our western civilization?
World War (nuclear/biological)
Technological threaths
Natural disaster
Global warming
Economic collapse
Pandemic
A slow deteriation of society is perhaps more likely?
How can we prepare for the future?
Qouto dave hollis
Skimming
Scanning
Snatch- and grab
and more...
The reading tactics differ from when you read fiction
How to read a scientific paper
How to approach a scientific text
Abstract - Gives you the Why (Syfte)
Conclusion - Gives you the How (Metod och resultat)
How to analyse a scientific paper
Research is building knowledge on previous science.
The goal of scientific research is to test your hypothesis through research.
The structure of a scientific paper is (almost) always the same.
Previewing
Take a few moments before reading a text
to preview it, this can help you to tackle
difficult or lengthy texts.
This can be called Skimming (skumläsa)
you try to find out information about the text beforehand.
Previewing
Same strategy as watching a movie trailer.
What's the genre? Type of text?
What is the overall
Imagine throwing a large fishing net over the web and then going through your catch, keeping the big fish and discarding the small ones.
This method is different from your standard google search and requires you to use your source checking skills.
In this stage you are sifting your collected material, trying to find as many sources as possible, that you rely on.
At this stage you apply your over all question or focus on your remaining sources. Try to see them trough the lens of your thesis. Also grouping them togheter by their importance and relevance to you.
In this stage you will start to see which sources will support your case or not.
Collocate - Sammanställa
Last stage of your skillset is to collocate your sources. After this you are ready to start your writing process.
Produce your scientific paper and point out your findings by profiling your academic field.
Prioritize means "killing your darlings" and keeping focus throughout your paper. Finally you are ready to present your paper.
All scientific research is based on previous knowledge and rest on an idea of transparency and openness.
- Sir Isaac Newton
There are certain formalities about how to write and how to cite and refer to ones sources.
There are certain formalities about how to write and how to cite and refer to ones sources.
Quotes
and refering to...
grammar and tempus
Not referring to sources
Not having enough data to draw accurate conclusions
To pick and choose among results
Research that lacks relevance
Research that cannot be repeated
Click here to read more about plagiarism (in Swedish)
1961
1984
2014
Dr. Ancel Keyes published a study that showed that the risk of heart attack and stroke correlated directly with blood cholesterol levels. He based his conclusions on a study of people from seven countries. But later reviews showed that Dr. Keyes had ignored results from countries (like Sweden) that did not support his theses, that fat is bad for you. Since then the "truth" about fat and cholesterol has changed many times in accordance to the latest medical research.
Managing your sources starts right at the beginning,
keep a source journal and document your search process!
Don't surf the web aimlessly
- search the web purposefully!
Be imaginative, open and disciplined
Learn how to check your sources and
where to find credible sources
(Källkritik och källtillit)
Weigh and value your search terms
What words would you use in everyday language?
What words would a scientist use?
A journalist?
An expert?
Are your serach words modern or old fashioned?
Are they formal or informal?
Is there any kind of bias in the term (positive or negative)?
Example: What is it like to be old?
How to find
credible sources
Retriever
(Use the link on your computer desk)
Fjärrlån/Libris
(Contact your school librarian for assistance)
Youtube
Poddar/Bloggar
Experts?
(Have you found an expert on your study subject? Try e-mailing them or give them a call)
Remeber to use source critisism
Do not use emotive words:
“This is super exciting to write about”
“Finding credible sources was horribly hard”
Do not use vague terms:
“One would think that there might be a correlation between the results”,
instead:
“There could be a correlation between the results” or “A correlation between the results is possible”.
Use academic terminology
instead of slang or spoken language.
To make it easy for the reader to follow along in your text, abide to the principle of changing paragraph when you introduce a new line of thought.
Otherwise, follow the structure that is appropriate for your type of text. Academic texts usually look like this: Frame, Body, Sources and Appendices
Frame
Titel Page
Abstract
Table of Contents
Body
Introduction
Purpose and thesis
Theory
Method
Results
Analysis
Conclusion
This can vary.
Sources and appendices
Bibliography or Works Cited
Everything you use to base your knowledge on
is a source and should be referenced to in your research.
Cite your sources continually when you write and list all your sources at the end of your text in alphabetical order.
Depending on your chosen system of reference, your references will look different in your text.
Exemple of Harvard:
Frans de Waal (2009, s. 86) tar som exempel ylande vargflockar och schimpanshannar som skränar tillsammans som liknelse för den samhörighet vi känner när vi spelar musik tillsammans.
Eller:
Vargflockar som ylar i kör kan jämställas med den samhörighet vi känner när vi spelar musik tillsammans. (Frans de Waal, 2009, s. 86)
Exempel of Oxford:
Frans de Waal tar som exempel ylande vargflockar och schimpanshannar som skränar tillsammans som liknelse för den samhörighet vi känner när vi spelar musik tillsammans. ¹
___________________________
¹ Frans de Waal, 2009, s. 86
Printed Sources (or Primary sources):
de Waal, Frans. (2009). Empatins tidsålder, hur naturen lär oss skapa ett humanare samhälle. Stockholm. Karneval.
Internet Sources:
Rydell, Malena. Bruce Springsteen: Born to Run.
http://www.dn.se/dnbok/bokrecensioner/bruce-springsteen-born-to-run/
Datum 1: 2016-09-28
Datum 2: 2016-09-27
Bibliography or Works Cited
Here's a tip!
By Bessemerbiblioteket
Avid and creative, warm and friendly. Your average librarian superhero.