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The Literary Eras
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Antiquity
The Renaissance
Enlightenment
Realism
Modernism
Post-modernism
Medieval times
You can view history as a linear thing,
a TIME LINE.
Romanticism
The conqueror writes the history.
Keep in mind:
You can also think of time as a pendulum,
that swings between ideas, ideals and identities.
Cause - Effect
Thesis - Antithetis - Synthesis
What was the first word ever spoken?
One theory says that speech developed when people had to work together when hunting large prey.
Another theory claims it might have been the sound for mother.
All animals communicate!
What does this frog "say"?
Bees do a waggle dance to describe where pollen can be found
Reading and Writing are "markers of civilization"
Reading and Writing developed from
the human urge to convey complex ideas and experiences between people.
We communicate because
we are social animals.
Antiquity
3000 B.C. - 500 A.D.
- An oral tradition
- Rethorical skill was important
- Literacy increased as society underwent urbanisation.
- Approx. 1/3 of the population could read.
The Epic of Gilgamesh
Homer's Illiad and Odyssey
Sappho's poems
Plato's writings
Medieval times
Monk in a scriptorium
ca . 500 - 1500
We call Medieval times the "Dark ages"
- why?
The average life expectancy was
only about 28 years
Literacy
Religious
Hocus Pocus
Superstition
Only those with wealth and power could read.
Only those with wealth and power could afford to own a book.
The feudal system
Lords
Peasantry
Vassals
Code of chivalry
To live one's Life so that it is worthy of respect and honor by
Fair Play
Nobility
Valor
Honor
Courtesy
Loyalty
Courtly literature, heroic epics and knightly novels
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Known works from the Middle Ages:
Chanson de Roland
Tristan and Isolde
Beowulf
Divine Comedy
The Edda
Thousand and One Nights
Hildegard of Bingen - religious revelations
Saint Bridget
Beowulf
ca. 700-1000
The next era has something to do with washing your clothes?
The Renaissance
Ca. 1400 - 1700
ca 1450 Gutenberg - invented
The Printing Press
Books could now be copied
at a rapid pace.
Books became cheaper and
easier to get hold of.
The written language was stylized.
(However, people in Europe were unaware that books had been printed on paper in China for
at least 1,000 years,
and that the loose type method had been used for more than 400 years.)
"A renaissance man"
The Ambassadors - Holbein
"Memento mori" to ward off hubris
Leonardo Da Vinci
1452-1519
The Virtuvian Man 1492
Da Vinci
Literature - part of the arts during the Renaissance
Playwrights like Shakespeare
and Marlowe
and lyricists such as Petrarch
lived during this era.
Machiavelli wrote The Prince - non-fiction
Thomas Moore wrote Utopia - social criticism
Erasmus of Rotterdam wrote "Handbook for the Christian Knight" - religious handbook
The Enlightenment
1700s
"The era of reason"
The Enlightenment is the era of the brain.
The first encyclopedias are written.
Reason, intellect, deductive ability
Why? Question everything!
Controversial!
Diderot
Linné wrote Systema Naturae
Newton wrote Principia mathematica
Rousseau wrote Emile or On Education
Wollstonecraft wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
Voltaire
1694-1778
The seeds planted by the Enlightenment
led to scientific and technological
advances, but also to ideas about
rationalism and reason.
Torture and censorship were abolished in Prussia.
The Emperor of Austria worked for religious tolerance
The humanistic ideas of the Enlightenment led to revolutions.
Then the pendulum swings
from brain and reason
to heart and emotion
Our modern take on what's romantic.
Silly!
Longing
Passion
Desire
Extacy
Horror
Terror
Rage
Madness
Anguish
The Romantic era
1800s
Revolutions and Industrialism -
the world changes.
Why?
American revolution (1775-1783)
French revolution (1789-1799)
Friheten på barrikaderna - Delacroix 1830
Urbanization and slums
Beer street and gin Alley - Hogarth
A hard life led to dreams about returning
to nature and a simpler lifestyle.
That's called escapism:
Wanting to escape from your reality!
The ideals of the Romantic era
Emotion and Heart
The metaphysics and the soul
Escapism
Back to nature
"The cult of sensitivity" - the depiction of Life from a female and Child perspective.
Truth as Beauty in art, literature and philosophy.
Sturm und drang
Storm and longing
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
The first Best seller
Sold in 13 million copies in Europe
upon its release.
Hot fashion
Lord Byron
1788-1824
"Mad, bad and dangerous to know."
-Lady Caroline Lamb
Childe Harold's pilgrimage 1812-1818
A Rainy summer....1816
Villa Diodati, Genève
Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley
1797-1851
Frankenstein - 1818
All our modern genres stem from the Romantic era: Science fiction, horror, detective novels, biographies, paranormal, fantasy.
"Feuilletones"
The Brothers Grimm
Jacob (1785-1863) Wilhelm (1786-1859)
"Disneyfication" - romantic (heterosexual) love and happiness ever after.
Fairy tales have traditionally served to educate, teach morals and to ward of dangers.
- Be kind, humble and patient.
- Being helpful can pay off.
- Being selfish and vane will lead to downfall.
Realism and naturalism
1870-1910
Realism concerned itself with how life was structured socially, economically, politically, and culturally in the mid-nineteenth century.
This led to unflinching, sometimes "ugly" portrayals of life's unpleasant moments .
Stop dreaming, see Life as it is!
The stone breakers - Courbet
The Gleaners - Courbet
Waiting for the ferry - Knight
Realism in literature
The authors strived to present Life truthfully and avoided supernatural, exotic
or implausible elements.
Naturalism pushed the envelope even further and included social conditions, hereditary and environmental aspects as
something that shaped human existence.
Influenced by Darwin's Theory of evolution.
Emile Zola wroteTheresé Raquin
Gustav Flaubert wrote Madame Bovary
Jack London wrote The Call of the Wild
John Steinbeck wrote Of Mice and Men
Realism also has something
to do with a blue soap dish?
A blue soap dish
Details, details, details!
In Gustave Flauberts
"A simple heart"
A blue soap dish is mentioned, just as a detail. It is has nothing to do with the plot of the story.
However, we as modern readers can easily miss what the soap dish is meant to convey: possibly something to do with the consumerism of the time, increasing urbanisation and the rise of the bourgeois.
Charles Dickens
1812-1870
During the Victorian era (1837-1901) reading becomes a pasttime for the common citizen. The language of literature changed to sound more like people actually spoke.
Please sir, I want some more?
Modernism and postmodernism
The 1900s
The development of individualism, capitalism and techonolgical and political progress.
The World becomes smaller
Steam Engines, Trains, Planes
We understand it better.
We have microscopes and telescopes.
Two World wars in one century
Two and a half wars - The Cold war!
Literacy increases
Universal schooling
Reading becomes a way to
make social change
Reading helped boost
the economic and scientific boom
in developed countries during the 1900s
The role of the author/artist changes
from an intellectual superior
to a person who wants to experience life
and write about it.
They want to challenge even the format of art itself.
Does a book need covers?
Does a painting need to hang from a wall?
Ceci n'est pas une pipe - Magritte
Berndnaut Smilde - Nimbus cloud
Our World becomes even smaller
We can carry the World in our pocket!
We are experiencing unrest and upheaval
due to an unbloody revolution
between industrialism and the next era to come.
And the future?
What will coming generations call our era?
The era of economism
The era of information
The Plastic era
The era of recycling
The era of AI?
What do you think our era will be called?
And what do you think we will be reading about in the future?
AI - "en study buddy på steroider"
Använd ungefär som ett uppslagsverk i stil med Wikipedia eller NE, skillnaden är att du inte kan skriva källa: ChatGPT.
Att lära AI att spela det här spelet tar ca. 37 timmars spelande, eller 4 miljoner bilder.
De flesta människor klarar det på några sekunder.
Vi kan massor som inte AI kan!
Resonera - sunt förnuft
Förstå abstrakta koncept
Vara kreativ
Känslor och medvetande
Empatikrävande uppgifter
Intuitionskrävande uppgifter
Förstå kontext
Erfarenhet av den fysiska världen
Förståelse av idiomatiska uttryck
Hänga med i dagsfärska nyheter
https://databasetown.com/what-artificial-intelligence-cannot-do/
Den AI som finns idag är inte ond,
den är duktig på ett litet snävt område.
Det forskare och andra varnar för är
generell artificiell intelligens eller
superintelligens.
"Den teknologiska singulariteten" är den punkt där datorerna har blivit superintelligenta
och kan börja designa nya maskiner som sen blir ännu smartare och ännu smartare.
Vad händer då med människan?
Här är det vissa som hävdar att den här utvecklingen är snabb och att vi redan har passerat tidpunkten då vi hade kunnat reglera den t.ex. politiskt.
Forskare inom området säger att GPT-4 visar "begynnande tecken på intelligens".
Den klarar av Turingtestet.
Andra säger att det kommer att ske nästa århundrade.
Domedagskänsla?
AI är inte ond eller god, den är en produkt av mänskligt skapande, och vi människor har en oändlig förmåga till empati och medmänsklighet.
I alla tider då ny teknik uppfunnits har det medfört oro för att den ska ta våra jobb, skada oss eller göra oss överflödiga. Men historien visar också att tekniska innovationer oftare leder till ökat välstånd och utveckling för mänskligheten på sikt.
The end
Baroque movement
ca.1600 - 1700
thought of as a period of artistic style that used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, architecture, literature, dance, theater, and Music.
The popularity and success of the Baroque style was encouraged by the Catholic Church.
Baroque - strange, over the top, religious!
The Castle of Versailles
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