Volunteered Geographic Information
Britta Ricker, PhD
Assistant Professor
@bricker0
Outline
- Positionality = abbreviated CV
- Conceptual Framework = Critical GIS
- Previous work = very brief
- Conclusions and future work = HELP!
Positionaltiy = All about me
Western Maryland
Exchange Student: The Netherlands
Frostburg State University
International Politics + Geography
Positionality/CV (2004-now)
- MapQuest Cartographer Intern
- (Almost did Peace Corps - beekeeping in the Gambia) Made maps for FEMA
- (Almost went to Utrecht but instead...)Masters of Science McGill University - Participatory Mapping in Barbados
- PhD Simon Fraser University - mHealth and VGI
- Assistant Professor UWT
Conceptual Framework
ideas that motivate my work
Geoweb
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interconnected tools and spatial data available on the web spanning multiple geographic regions (Lake and Farley, 2007)
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Revolutionized spatial data (Sui, 2008)
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but not democratizing it (Haklay, 2013)
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Provides access to satellite and aerial imagery! (Goodchild, 2007; Harvey, 2014; Kingsbury & Jones, 2009)
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Opportunity to contribute Volunteered Geographic Information (Goodchild, 2007)
Spatial Media
Elwood & Leszczynski (2012) New spatial media, new knowledge politics. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers (38): 544-559.
"Mediums or channels that extend our ability to interact with and create geographic information online" p 544
Maps --> Media
Applied
Quantitative
Theory
Qualitative
Many Voices
Many forms
Medium influences who will participate
(Chambers 2006)
Knowledge Politics
Political Power
"...knowledge politics to be shaped by deeply institutionalized tendencies in planning and policy making to grant greater weight to knowledge expressed as quantitative data or represented in cartographic forms."
Data Driven Decision Making
(Elwood & Leszczynski, 2012: 545)
"From expert to everyday"
(Elwood & Leszczynski, 2012)
GIS and spatial media
(Ricker, 2017)
Geoweb
Spatial Media
Maintain a keen awareness as to not reproduce inequalities. Active engagement in effort to use these technologies to combat inequalities (Elwood, 2015)
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Critical cartography
Defined
You can tell a lot about values based on the open data available
means to illuminate social and environmental injustices
co-construction of knowledge= Better understanding of HAZARDS?
does the process lead to the promotion of self and critical awareness? Policy change? At what scale? Individual, collective, political social change?
Participatory Action Research
Public Participatory Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS)
"moment of translation
transforming experiential, testimonial and qualitative forms of knowledge into quantitative aggregated or abstracted forms" (Elwood & Leszczynski , 2012: 548)
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
Negative connotation
Militarization
Surveillance
(Sandvik & Lohne, 2014)
Drones for good
- Archaeology
- Forestry
- Emergency response
- Search and Rescue
- Natural resource management
- (Precision)Agriculture
- Construction
- Remote Sensing
- (Colomina & Molina, 2014; Everaerts, 2008, Forance et al., 2014; Upton et al., 2015; Zhang & Kovacs, 2012; Rokhmana, 2015).
Organized #DronesforGood
- Digital Humanitarianism
- OpenAerialMap
- UAViators
- DIYDrones
- OpenDroneMap
- DroneAdventures
- Conservation Drones
- Drone Code
Taiwan’s National Cheng Kung University created this 3D model from aerial imagery captured by UAV.
Aerial Photography
The Appalachian Mountaintop Patrol (AMP)
Laura grace chipley
Digital Maps! Digital Globes offer basemaps for participatory mapping. But they also control temporal and spatial resolution of those basemaps
Putting a UAV in the hands of a community, could they monitor...
- Communities changes through the course of a day, season, year...
- Monitory Ecosystem services
- Acute changes - landslide event, urban encroachment
- Gradual changes - land use change, urban growth
- Access to water resources, refugee camp movement
- Habitat loss...
- ?????
Less interested in flying...
More interested in outputs...
Social
Implications
Medium influences who will participate
(Chambers, 2006)
Structure from Motion (SfM) software
Generate an Othophoto
2012
2015
Title Text
- Bullet One
- Bullet Two
- Bullet Three
77 photos to make an orthophoto, 3D model + more in
> one hour total
Share your data
DATA PREPAREDNESS
AS
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
DIFFERENT Data NeEDS AT EACH PHASE
MapTime
OSM for disaster PREPAREDNESS
Student Project: Pull from OSM
Streets:
•*Cobblestone streets
•*Roundabouts at intersections
•*One-way streets
•Narrow two-way streets (because of street parking, only one vehicle at a time can pass through in either direction.)
•Speed bumps on streets
Residences:
•*Single-family home; Duplex, Triplex, or Apartment Building
•Year built
•*Number of floors
• *how many apartments
•*Location of Gas Meter(s)
•*Location of Electric Meter(s)
•*Location of Stationary Propane Tank(s)
•*Location of Stationary Heating Fuel Tank (Heating Oil)
•Solar Panels of Roof? (Y or N)
•*Presence of a detached garage
Communities of Practice
Esri App Studio
Communities of interest
Conclusion & Future
Maps are political
Maps are a form of media
(Social) Media are becoming Maps
What is learned in the process of participation?
Tell me, I forget.
Show me, I remember.
Involve me, I understand.
-Chinese Proverb (Paulos et al., 2009)
Data
Ambiently collected?
Actively collected?
More research questions!
What knowledge is transferred?!
Participation sparks critical thinking during each step of the process
DATA PREPAREDNESS AS DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
- Illuminate social and environmental injustice
- Relevant Temporal Resolution
- Enhanced Spatial Resolution
- Increased coverage
- Complement existing research methods
- Opportunity to establish good practice with community engagement
Challenge
Illuminate methods in which to utilize these increasingly accessible technologies to edit your world, tell your truth,
share your experience in place.
Data Day Dreams
Future Research:
Target funding from:
European Research Council
Starting Grant
https://erc.europa.eu/funding/starting-grants
Open Data
Participatory Evaluation to measure effectiveness of open data: Municipal Scale
Test visualizations for decision making
Thank You.
Acknowledgments: Muki Haklay, Agnieszka Leszczynski,
Sarah Elwood
University of Washington Office of Global Affairs Strategic International Partnership Travel Award
GIP_Meeting_1
By Britta Ricker
GIP_Meeting_1
Presentation for my first GIP presentation
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