Data Storage Formats

Data Storage Types

Ordered Collection

A row of boxes which can store objects. Accessed by specifying the number of the box you want.

Python

my_lst = [1,2,3,5]
x = my_lst[3]

my_lst.append(7)
y = my_lst[4]

Arrays

Arrays are fixed-length and store values of a given type.

int[] values = new int[10];

Index to access data stored within the array.

int x = values[4];

Array has fixed length upon creation which cannot be changed.

int l = values.length;

ArrayLists

Structure of mutable length that can hold any object (data blob) of declared type.

ArrayList<int> v = new ArrayList<int>();

Method Action
v.add(obj) Add obj to the back of the ArrayList
v.remove(i) Remove the object at index i, shifting tail left
v.get(i) Get the object at index i
v.set(i, obj) Set the object at index i to obj
size() Return the size of the ArrayList

Convenience Lists

ArrayLists are flexible and allow for us to create arrays whose length we don't know ahead of time.

 

Unfortunately, due to restrictions in Java*, there is a minor performance penalty for accessing them.

*if you're interested, you can look for information on type erasure and generics in Java

Processing offers us specialized versions of ArrayList that only work with a particular type, but do not pay these overheads.

FloatList, IntList, StringList

Unordered Collections

(These turn out not to be that important for what we're about to do, so I'm mostly putting them here for completeness).

Like ordered collections, but there is no order. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

You can't ask for a specific element of the collection. You can ask for an arbitrary element or to iterate over it.

Python

s = set([1,2,3,4])
for elem in s:
  print(elem)

Java

HashSet<String> set = new HashSet<>();
set.add("Apple"); 
set.add("Banana");
set.remove("Apple");
System.out.println(set);

Key-Value Stores

Key-Value Stores

Instead of storing things in order, we give each object we want to store a "key", a small piece of data associated with it.

 

Later, when we want to get the whole object, we can look it up by the key.

999-11-2968

{
  "name": "John Doe",
  "age": 30,
  "email": "johndoe@example.com",
  "address": {
    "street": "123 Main Street",
    "city": "Cityville",
    "state": "State",
    "postalCode": "12345"
  },
  "phoneNumbers": [
    "+1 555-123-4567",
    "+1 555-987-6543"
  ],
  "hobbies": ["Reading", "Hiking", "Cooking"]
}

Key

Value

Processing Dictionaries

Dictionary where key is a String and value is of the specified type.

  • FloatDict
  • IntDict
  • StringDict
Method Action
d.set("key", value) Adds the key-value pair to the dict
d.get("key") Retrieves the value assigned to key
d.hasKey("key") Returns a boolean--whether "key" is in the dictionary or not

Java HashMaps

A more flexible key-value store than a Processing dictionary: keys and values can be of any (fixed) type.

import java.util.HashMap;

// Create a new HashMap
HashMap<Integer, Float> map = new HashMap<>();

// Add key-value pairs to the HashMap
map.put(1000, 3.5f);
map.put(2274, 2.8f);
map.put(3896, 4.2f);

// Get the value associated with a key
float value = map.get(2274);

// Check if a key is present in the HashMap
boolean containsKey = map.containsKey(1);

Docs at https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/17/docs/api/java.base/java/util/HashMap.html

What's another data type we've learned about that can be a key-value store?

import java.util.HashMap;

// Create a new HashMap
HashMap<String, Float> particle1 = new HashMap<>();

particle1.put("x", 0.0);
particle1.put("vx", 0.0);
particle1.put("ax", 1.0);
Particle particle1 = new Particle();

particle1.x = 0.0;
particle1.vx = 0.0;
particle1.ax = 1.0;

versus

When should we create a class for our data versus store data in HashMaps/Dictionaries?

File Storage

Data is stored in files like OBJ, SVG, etc.

We need some way to turn this data into something that can be represented in-memory in the programming language.

Examples:

  • SVG File → PShape (2D)
  • OBJ File → PShape (3D)
  • PNG File → PImage

Input data is stored in files as a single linear stream of data.

It needs to be parsed to be turned into a thing with structure.

Scene(
  rotate(90,
    translate(2,2, Circle()),
    Square(),
  ),
  translate(3,2, Circle()),
)

Before parse

Scene(rotate(90,translate(2,2, Circle()),Square(),),translate(3,2, Circle()),)

After Parse

Scene

Rotate 90

Translate 3,2

Translate 2,2

Circle

Square

Circle

Document Formats

Specific document formats provide a consistent style of storage between programs. This aids parsing both for machines and humans (human parsing often referred to as "reading").

Processing provides support for reading/writing of three document types:

  • CSV
  • XML
  • JSON

CSV

-159.3963,21.97066,"Starbucks: Lihue","Kukui Grove Shoppping Center 3-2600 Kaumualii Hwy; Lihue, HI 96766"
-158.0274,21.34273,"Starbucks: Honolulu","91-1401 Fort Weaver Rd, Ewa Beach; Honolulu, HI 96706; (808) 685- 4594"
-158.012,21.46285,"Starbucks: Mililani","95-221 Kipapa Drive; Mililani, HI 96789; (808) 625- 5401"
-158.0061,21.40369,"Starbucks: Waipahu","94-799 Lumiaina St; Waipahu, HI 96797"
-157.9313,21.37066,"Starbucks: Aiea","4561 Salt Lake Blvd; Aiea, HI"
-157.9148,21.33524,"Starbucks: Honolulu","550 Paiea Street Airport Trade Center; Honolulu, HI 96819"
-157.8615,21.30846,"Starbucks: Honolulu","1000 Bishop Street #104; Honolulu, HI 96813; (808) 599- 4833"
-157.8609,21.30759,"Starbucks: Honolulu","220 South King Street; Honolulu, HI 96813"
-157.8471,21.29308,"Starbucks: Honolulu","Ala Moana Center 1450 Ala Moana Blvd Sears & Macys; Honolulu, HI 96814"
-157.8326,21.27913,"Starbucks: Honolulu","2169 Kalia Road Waikiki; Honolulu, HI 96815"
-157.8294,21.27954,"Starbucks: Honolulu","2222 Kalakaua Avenue; Honolulu, HI 96815"
-157.827,21.28014,"Starbucks: Honolulu","2255 Kuhio Avenue, Suite S-1; Honolulu, HI 96815"
-157.7876,21.27852,"Starbucks: Honolulu","4211 Waialae Avenue; Honolulu, HI 96816; (808) 737- 0283"
-157.7855,21.40587,"Starbucks: Honolulu","45-480 Kaneohe Bay Drive A1E; Honolulu, HI 96744; (808) 234- 6900"
-157.7403,21.39357,"Starbucks: Kailua","539 Kailua Road; Kailua, HI 96734; (808) 263- 9548"
-157.713,21.28201,"Starbucks: Honolulu","6700 Kalanianaole Highway; Honolulu, HI 96825"
-156.6818,20.8832,"Starbucks: Lahaina","1221 Honoapiilani Highway Space A-1; Lahaina, HI 96761"
-156.4742,20.88891,"Starbucks: Kahului","275 West Kaahuman Ave Suite 1200 Space # F-5; Kahului, HI 96732"
-156.4556,20.88118,"Starbucks: Kahului","270 Dairy Road; Kahului, HI 96732; (808) 871- 7884"
-156.4536,20.73723,"Starbucks: Kihei","1819 S. Kihei Rd. Unit D-112; Kihei, HI 96738"
-155.9889,19.64723,"Starbucks: Kailua-Kona","75-1015 Henry St.; Kailua-Kona, HI 96740"
-151.5312,59.64204,"Starbucks: Homer","90 Sterling Hwy; Homer, AK 99603"
-151.0418,60.49444,"Starbucks: Soldotna","44428 Sterling Hwy S; Soldotna, AK 99669"
-149.9093,61.13995,"Starbucks: Anchorage","2000 W Dimond Blvd; Anchorage, AK 99515-1400; (907) 267- 6700"
-149.9055,61.19534,"Starbucks: Anchorage","1650 W Northern Lights Blvd; Anchorage, AK 99503; (907) 339- 0500"
-149.8936,61.21759,"Starbucks: Anchorage","601 West 5th Avenue; Anchorage, AK 99501; (907) 277- 2477"
-149.8643,61.19525,"Starbucks: Anchorage","1000 E Northern Lights Blvd; Anchorage, AK 99508-4283; (907) 264- 9600"
-149.8638,61.14473,"Starbucks: Anchorage","1005 E Dimond Blvd; Anchorage, AK 99515; (907) 344- 4160"
-149.8446,61.13806,"Starbucks: Anchorage","1725 Abbott Rd; Anchorage, AK 99507; (907) 339- 2800"
-149.838,61.13751,"Starbucks: Anchorage","2300 Abbott Road; Anchorage, AK 99507; (907) 365- 2000"
-149.8359,61.18082,"Starbucks: Anchorage","2421 East Tudor Road Suite 8; Anchorage, AK 99507; (907) 561- 1644"
-149.7365,61.19533,"Starbucks: Anchorage","7731 E Northern Lights Blvd; Anchorage, AK 99504; (907) 331- 1700"
-149.5708,61.32361,"Starbucks: Eagle River","11409 Business Blvd; Eagle River, AK 99577; (907) 696- 6400"
-149.5525,61.34592,"Starbucks: Eagle River","13401 Old Glenn Hwy; Eagle River, AK 99577"
-149.1183,61.60094,"Starbucks: Palmer","650 N Cobb St; Palmer, AK 99645; (907) 761- 4200"
-147.8223,64.83696,"Starbucks: Fairbanks","3755 Airport Way; Fairbanks, AK 99709-4610; (907) 474- 1403"
-147.7044,64.85064,"Starbucks: Fairbanks","30 College Rd; Fairbanks, AK 99701; (907) 374- 4100"
-147.6901,64.85222,"Starbucks: Fairbanks","930 Old Steese Hwy A; Fairbanks, AK 99701; (907) 459- 4629"
-131.6808,55.35173,"Starbucks: Ketchikan","2417 Tongass Ave; Ketchikan, AK 99901; (907) 228- 1900"
-124.29016,42.05413,"Starbucks: Brookings","325 5th St; Brookings, OR 97415; (541) 469- 1610"
-124.1678,40.80166,"Starbucks: Eureka","326 5th Street; Eureka, CA 95501; (707) 445- 2685"
-124.1475,40.79906,"Starbucks: Eureka","1117 Myrtle Avenue A; Eureka, CA 95501; (707) 445- 2672"
-124.1443,40.80484,"Starbucks: Eureka","2525 4th St; Eureka, CA 95501"
-124.101,40.94024,"Starbucks: McKinleyville","1924 Central Ave.; McKinleyville, CA 95519; (707) 840- 0253"
-124.0531,44.63727,"Starbucks: Newport","122 N. Coast Highway; Newport, OR 97365; (541) 265- 8610"
-124.0521,44.65194,"Starbucks: Newport","150 NE 20th St; Newport, OR 97365; (541) 265- 4581"
-124.0212,44.94205,"Starbucks: Lincoln City","3350 N E HWY 101; Lincoln City, OR 97367; (541) 994- 3365"
-123.9282,46.13409,"Starbucks: Warrenton","695 Highway 101; Warrenton, OR 97146"
-123.8185,46.97266,"Starbucks: Aberdeen","221 W Heron St; Aberdeen, WA 98520; (360) 533- 1955"
-123.8073,46.19201,"Starbucks: Astoria","3250 Lief Erikson Drive; Astoria, OR 97103"
-123.8033,46.9778,"Starbucks: Aberdeen","1202 E. Wishkah St.; Aberdeen, WA 98520; (360) 532- 0349"
-123.4353,48.11716,"Starbucks: Port Angeles","110 E 3rd St; Port Angeles, WA 98362; (360) 457- 0788"
-123.3691,43.23858,"Starbucks: Roseburg","3013 NW Stewart Pkwy; Roseburg, OR 97470; (541) 672- 8294"
-123.3502,43.22848,"Starbucks: Roseburg","1539 NE Stephens; Roseburg, OR 97470; (541) 957- 2540"
-123.3133,44.92958,"Starbucks: Dallas","138 W Ellendale Ave; Dallas, OR 97338; (503) 831- 6000"
-123.3117,44.55088,"Starbucks: Corvallis","5270 SW Philomath Blvd; Corvallis, OR 97333; (541) 738- 2100"
-123.3096,44.92975,"Starbucks: Dallas","244 E Ellendale Ave 1; Dallas, OR 97338; (503) 623- 5231"
-123.2763,44.58989,"Starbucks: Corvallis","2305 NW Kings Blvd; Corvallis, OR 97330; (541) 758-4069"
-123.2752,44.57515,"Starbucks: Corvallis","777 Kings Blvd; Corvallis, OR 97330-5620; (541) 754- 5559"
-123.2629,44.5637,"Starbucks: Corvallis","425 Southwest Madison Avenue; Corvallis, OR 97333; (541) 753- 5318"
-123.2578,44.58364,"Starbucks: Corvallis","1705 NW 9th Street Suite B; Corvallis, OR 97330; (541) 738- 1172"
-123.2518,44.5888,"Starbucks: Corvallis","590 NE Circle Blvd; Corvallis, OR 97330"
-123.2067,39.14441,"Starbucks: Ukiah","653 S State St; Ukiah, CA 94582; (707) 467- 2700"
-123.2008,39.15095,"Starbucks: Ukiah","504 E. Perkins; Ukiah, CA 95482; (707) 462- 3847"
-123.1981,39.15154,"Starbucks: Ukiah","704 E. Perkins Street; Ukiah, CA 94582; (707) 463- 2615"
-123.179,44.07006,"Starbucks: Eugene","4740 Royal Ave; Eugene, OR 97402; (541) 688- 6497"
-123.1733,45.22856,"Starbucks: McMinnville","2490 N Hwy 99; McMinnville, OR 97225; (503) 435- 3120"
-123.1423,44.04821,"Starbucks: Eugene","3333 W 11th Ave; Eugene, OR 97402; (541) 484- 4223"
-123.118,44.04059,"Starbucks: Eugene","1675 W. 18th & Chambers; Eugene, OR 97402; (541) 485- 7027"
-123.103,44.0691,"Starbucks: Eugene","1079A Valley River Way; Eugene, OR 97401; (541) 683- 7474"
-123.0999,44.05219,"Starbucks: Eugene","472 West 7th Avenue Suite 1; Eugene, OR 97401; (541) 684- 0984"
-123.0979,44.09435,"Starbucks: Eugene","3003 N Delta Hwy 301; Eugene, OR 97408; (541) 338- 0233"
-123.0952,45.52007,"Starbucks: Forest Grove","2836 Pacific Ave; Forest Grove, OR 97116; (503) 359- 8700"
-123.0903,44.04033,"Starbucks: Eugene","145 East 18th St; Eugene, OR 97401; (541) 485- 3664"
-123.0897,44.04991,"Starbucks: Eugene","901 Pearl Street; Eugene, OR 97401; (541) 338- 7951"
-123.0896,44.04025,"Starbucks: Eugene","205 E. 18th Street; Eugene, OR 97401; (541) 465- 9813"
-123.0811,44.62893,"Starbucks: Albany","1990 14th Ave SE; Albany, OR 97321; (541) 812- 2380"
-123.0785,44.04556,"Starbucks: Eugene","801 E. 13th Avenue; Eugene, OR 97403; (541) 338-4100"
-123.0785,44.0709,"Starbucks: Eugene","65 Oakway Center; Eugene, OR 97401; (541) 345-9272"
-123.0757,44.63245,"Starbucks: Albany","2532 Santiam Hwy; Albany, OR 97321; (541) 812- 2221"
-123.0731,44.06603,"Starbucks: Eugene","311 Coburg Rd; Eugene, OR 97401-6109"
-123.0625,44.9385,"Starbucks: Salem","1455 Edgewater St NW; Salem, OR 97304"
-123.0486,45.52002,"Starbucks: Cornelias","1882 East Baseline Street; Cornelias, OR 97113; (503) 357- 6858"
-123.043,44.90662,"Starbucks: Salem","3405 Commercial St NE s-100; Salem, OR 97302; (503) 391-7193"
-123.0424,44.90576,"Starbucks: Salem","3450 Commercial St SE; Salem, OR 97302-4682"
-123.0383,44.94117,"Starbucks: Salem","399 Court Street NE; Salem, OR 97308; (503) 375-2156"
-123.0314,44.96436,"Starbucks: Salem","2505 Liberty St. NE 100; Salem, OR 97303; (503) 566- 6885"
-123.031,44.88303,"Starbucks: Salem","5660 Commercial St SE; Salem, OR 97302"
-123.0195,44.9918,"Starbucks: Keizer","6450 NE Keizer Station Blvd; Keizer, OR 97303"
-122.9898,45.52261,"Starbucks: Hillsboro","102 E. Main St.; Hillsboro, OR 97123; (503) 846- 9299"
-122.9834,44.94441,"Starbucks: Salem","1134 Lancaster Drive NE; Salem, OR 97301; (503) 375- 3606"
-122.9832,44.94187,"Starbucks: Salem","831 Lancaster Dr NE #103; Salem, OR 97301; (503) 763- 2807"
-122.9809,46.72892,"Starbucks: Centralia","1161 Harrison Ave.; Centralia, WA 98531; (360) 807- 8801"
-122.9782,46.67444,"Starbucks: Chehalis","1531 NW Louisiana Ave; Chehalis, WA 98532; (360) 740- 9140"
-122.9661,46.14793,"Starbucks: Longview","3184 Ocean Beach Hwy; Longview, WA 98632; (360) 636- 1010"
-122.9591,46.14731,"Starbucks: Longview","2930 Ocean Beach Hwy; Longview, WA 98632; (360) 575- 6240"
-122.9553,45.52896,"Starbucks: Hillsboro","888 NE 25th Ave; Hillsboro, OR 97124; (503) 681- 8927"
-122.9461,47.04709,"Starbucks: Olympia","3215 Harrison Ave; Olympia, WA 98502"
-122.9369,47.03371,"Starbucks: Olympia","1313 Cooper Point Road; Olympia, WA 98502; (360) 352-8515"
-122.9365,45.51987,"Starbucks: Hillsboro","7500 W. Baseline; Hillsboro, OR 97123; (503) 591- 7557"
-122.9364,46.1367,"Starbucks: Longview","1227 15th Ave; Longview, WA 98632; (360) 575- 6600"
-122.9322,40.727,"Starbucks: Weaverville","1301 Main Street; Weaverville, CA 96093"
-122.9291,47.04193,"Starbucks: Olympia","625 Black Lake Boulevard Suite 165; Olympia, WA 98502; (360) 754- 0121"
-122.9165,45.53413,"Starbucks: Hillsboro","6221 NE Cornell Rd; Hillsboro, OR 97124; (503) 640- 0740"
-122.916,46.99979,"Starbucks: Tumwater","5312 Little Rock Road SW; Tumwater, WA 98512; (360) 352- 4340"
-122.9092,46.99991,"Starbucks: Tumwater","555 Trosper Rd SW; Tumwater, WA 98501"
-122.9058,45.4978,"Starbucks: Tualatin","6495 SE Tualatin Valley Hwy; Tualatin, OR 97123; (503) 848- 4550"
-122.903,45.55019,"Starbucks: Hillsboro","22075 NW Imbrie Dr.; Hillsboro, OR 97229; (503) 747- 1100"
-122.903,46.13916,"Starbucks: Kelso","411 Three Rivers Drive; Kelso, WA 98626"
-122.8988,47.01853,"Starbucks: Tumwater","520 Cleveland; Tumwater, WA 98501"
-122.88264,45.15287,"Starbucks: Woodburn","111 Arney Road NE A; Woodburn, OR 97071; (503) 981- 1758"
-122.87837,42.34523,"Starbucks - Inside Rogue Valley Mall","1600 North Riverside Avenue; Medford, OR 97501"
surname,percent,cumulative percent,rank
SMITH,1.006,1.006,1
JOHNSON,0.810,1.816,2
WILLIAMS,0.699,2.515,3
JONES,0.621,3.136,4
BROWN,0.621,3.757,5
DAVIS,0.480,4.237,6
MILLER,0.424,4.660,7
WILSON,0.339,5.000,8
MOORE,0.312,5.312,9
TAYLOR,0.311,5.623,10
ANDERSON,0.311,5.934,11
THOMAS,0.311,6.245,12
JACKSON,0.310,6.554,13
WHITE,0.279,6.834,14
HARRIS,0.275,7.109,15
MARTIN,0.273,7.382,16
THOMPSON,0.269,7.651,17
GARCIA,0.254,7.905,18
MARTINEZ,0.234,8.140,19
ROBINSON,0.233,8.372,20
CLARK,0.231,8.603,21
RODRIGUEZ,0.229,8.832,22
LEWIS,0.226,9.058,23
LEE,0.220,9.278,24
WALKER,0.219,9.497,25
HALL,0.200,9.698,26
ALLEN,0.199,9.897,27
YOUNG,0.193,10.090,28

CSV

  • Stores tabular data, i.e. data in a table/grid
  • Rows provide record information, i.e. a single "object's" data
  • Fields within the record (i.e. columns) store information
  • A flat structure
  • Tabs or commas separate fields
  • Newline characters separate records

Data comes in rectangles!

–Rob Tibshirani

Tables in Processing

Table tbl = loadTable(filename, options);

Generates a Table object.

Options are strings separated by commas.

  • "header" automatically interprets a header row
  • "csv" tells Processing to interpret commas as separators
  • "tsv" tells processing to interpret tabs as separators
  • "newlines" tells Processing that there may be newline characters within a cell.

Processing Tables

Tables are made of TableRows. We can get the number of rows/columns with getRowCount() and getColumnCount().

We can get the i-th row with getRow(i) or all rows with rows().

I highly recommend scanning the Table docs in Processing.

TableRows

TableRows support several methods: getInt(), getFloat(), and getString().

These support two types of arguments:

  • getThing(int): gets the appropriate index
  • getThing("name"): gets the appropriate column name (based on the CSV header)

 

If the data to be retrieved does not exist, or if it's of the wrong type, you'll get an error.

for (TableRow r : t.rows()) {
  String id = r.getString(“object”);
  float x = r.getFloat(“x”);
  float y = r.getFloat(“y”);
}

XML

🤮

XML

  • Stores data in a tree
  • Based on open standards
  • Uses tags to describe the kind of information that is contained inside the tag. Consists of an opening tag and a closing tag.
  • Tags can be nested!

<element>
    <item>First item</item>
    <item>Second item</item>
</element>

Opening tag

Closing tag

Element

(always slash + opening tag)

XML

  • RSS Feeds, e.g. https://feeds.bbci.co.uk/news/rss.xml?edition=uk
  • Auction data, e.g. http://aiweb.cs.washington.edu/research/projects/xmltk/xmldata/data/auctions/ebay.xml

XML Rules

The rules of XML only apply to the structuring of the content:

  • Must have tags
  • Content must be inside tags

There are no predefined tags in XML. They can be called whatever you want!

Makes it very easy to write whatever data format you want...and can make it a pain to read in an arbitrary XML file.

XML in Processing

  • Use loadXML(filename) to read in a file as an XML tree
    • Can also pass in a URL to load an XML file off the web
  • Creates an XML object with all children objects
  • Use getChildren(name) to get an array of XML objects that are the children of the tag with name "name".
  • Use getContent() to return all content within the element
  • Use getInt(), getFloat(), and getString() to return attributes within an element.

Hands-On: CSV

  1. Download one of the CSVs from https://domo-support.domo.com/s/article/360043931814?language=en_US. You must use one of the CSVs from this site.
     
  2. Load the CSV into Processing.
     
  3. Read the values from the CSV into some sort data structure like a Table, ArrayList or a FloatList.
     
  4. Visualize the values on the screen in some way. You do not necessarily have to make a plot or a map, but there should be some visual representation of the data.

Please include your CSV with the submission.

JSON

Hierarchical Data

CSV is great for when data is flat and uniform.

Scene(
  rotate(90,
    translate(2,2, Circle()),
    Square(),
  ),
  translate(3,2, Circle()),
)

How can we represent this as a CSV?

JSON

A notation for attribute-value pairs. Designed to represent the JavaScript object model (hence the name).

Four basic types for data:

  • Number
  • Boolean
  • String
  • Null

Two aggregate types of data:

  • Object (key-value)
  • Array (ordered)
{
  "name": "Max",
  "breed": "Labrador Retriever",
  "age": 5,
  "weight": 25.7,
  "isFriendly": true,
}

Simple JSON Object

Simple JSONArray

[
  "a",
  true,
  3,
  4,
  false,
]

{

  key1: value1,

  key2: value2,

  ...

}

[

  value1,

  value2,

  ...

]

JSON

JSON Object

{key: value}

JSON Array

[value1, value2, ...]

{
  "name": "Max",
  "breed": "Labrador Retriever",
  "age": 5,
  "weight": 25.7,
  "isFriendly": true,
  "owner": {
    "name": "John Smith",
    "email": "johnsmith@example.com"
  },
  "vaccinations": [
    "Rabies",
    "Distemper",
    "Parvovirus"
  ]
}
[
  {
    "name": "Max",
    "breed": "Labrador Retriever",
    "age": 5,
    "weight": 25.7,
    "isFriendly": true
  },
  {
    "name": "Charlie",
    "breed": "German Shepherd",
    "age": 4,
    "weight": 30.2,
    "isFriendly": false
  }
]
Scene(
  rotate(90,
    translate(2,2, Circle()),
    Square(),
  ),
  translate(3,2, Circle()),
)
[
  "rotate": {
    "degrees": 90,
    "elements":[
      {
        "translate":{
          "pos": [2, 2],
          "elements": [
            {"shape": "circle"}
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"stoned_day" : 8, "source_url" : "http://www.lead411.com/seattle-companies.html", "source_text" : null, "source_description" : "LEAD411 LAUNCHES \"HOTTEST SEATTLE COMPANIES\" AWARDS", "stoneable_type" : "Company", "stoned_value" : null, "stoned_value_type" : null, "stoned_acquirer" : null, "stoneable" : { "name" : "Wetpaint", "permalink" : "wetpaint" } }, { "id" : 8702, "description" : "Site-Builder Wetpaint Makes One For Itself, Using the Demand Media Playbook", "stoned_year" : 2010, "stoned_month" : 9, "stoned_day" : 6, "source_url" : "http://mediamemo.allthingsd.com/20100906/site-builder-wetpaint-makes-one-for-itself-using-the-demand-media-playbook/", "source_text" : null, "source_description" : "All Things D", "stoneable_type" : "Company", "stoned_value" : null, "stoned_value_type" : null, "stoned_acquirer" : null, "stoneable" : { "name" : "Wetpaint", "permalink" : "wetpaint" } } ], "video_embeds" : [], "screenshots" : [ { "available_sizes" : [ [ [ 150, 86 ], "assets/images/resized/0016/0929/160929v2-max-150x150.png" ], [ [ 250, 143 ], "assets/images/resized/0016/0929/160929v2-max-250x250.png" ], [ [ 450, 258 ], "assets/images/resized/0016/0929/160929v2-max-450x450.png" ] ], "attribution" : null } ], "external_links" : [ { "external_url" : "http://www.geekwire.com/2011/rewind-ben-elowitz-wetpaint-ceo-building-type-media-company", "title" : "GeekWire interview: Rewind - Ben Elowitz, Wetpaint CEO, on building a new type of media company" }, { "external_url" : "http://techcrunch.com/2012/06/17/search-and-social-how-two-will-soon-become-one/", "title" : "Guest post by CEO Ben Elowitz in TechCrunch" }, { "external_url" : "http://allthingsd.com/20120516/what-to-expect-when-facebook-is-expecting-five-predictions-for-facebooks-first-public-year/", "title" : "Guest post by CEO Ben Elowitz in AllThingsD" }, { "external_url" : "http://adage.com/article/digitalnext/facebook-biggest-player-advertising-s-540-billion-world/235708/", "title" : "Guest post by CEO Ben Elowitz in AdAge" }, { "external_url" : "http://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-captures-14-percent-of-our-online-attention-but-only-4-percent-of-ad-spending-online-2012-6", "title" : "Guest post by CEO Ben Elowitz in Business Insider" }, { "external_url" : "http://allfacebook.com/wetpaint-media-data_b75963", "title" : "AllFacebook coverage of Wetpaint" }, { "external_url" : "http://adage.com/article/digital/celeb-site-wetpaint-shows-media-profit-facebook/237828/", "title" : "Profile of Wetpaint in Ad Age" }, { "external_url" : "http://allthingsd.com/20121018/how-to-boost-your-facebook-traffic-tips-and-tricks-from-wetpaint/", "title" : "Interview with Wetpaint CEO Ben Elowitz in All Things D" }, { "external_url" : "http://www.xconomy.com/seattle/2012/10/19/wetpaint-starts-licensing-its-facebook-based-media-distribution-tech/", "title" : "Profile of Wetpaint in Xconomy" } ], "partners" : [] }
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "52cdef7c4bab8bd675297d8b" }, "name" : "AdventNet", "permalink" : "abc3", "crunchbase_url" : "http://www.crunchbase.com/company/adventnet", "homepage_url" : "http://adventnet.com", "blog_url" : "", "blog_feed_url" : "", "twitter_username" : "manageengine", "category_code" : "enterprise", "number_of_employees" : 600, "founded_year" : 1996, "deadpooled_year" : 2, "tag_list" : "", "alias_list" : "Zoho ManageEngine ", "email_address" : "pr@adventnet.com", "phone_number" : "925-924-9500", "description" : "Server Management Software", "created_at" : { "$date" : 1180121062000 }, "updated_at" : "Wed Oct 31 18:26:09 UTC 2012", "overview" : "<p>AdventNet is now <a href=\"/company/zoho-manageengine\" title=\"Zoho ManageEngine\" rel=\"nofollow\">Zoho ManageEngine</a>.</p>\n\n<p>Founded in 1996, AdventNet has served a diverse range of enterprise IT, networking and telecom customers.</p>\n\n<p>AdventNet supplies server and network management software.</p>", "image" : { "available_sizes" : [ [ [ 150, 55 ], "assets/images/resized/0001/9732/19732v1-max-150x150.png" ], [ [ 150, 55 ], "assets/images/resized/0001/9732/19732v1-max-250x250.png" ], [ [ 150, 55 ], "assets/images/resized/0001/9732/19732v1-max-450x450.png" ] ] }, "products" : [], "relationships" : [ { "is_past" : true, "title" : "CEO and Co-Founder", "person" : { "first_name" : "Sridhar", "last_name" : "Vembu", "permalink" : "sridhar-vembu" } }, { "is_past" : true, "title" : "VP of Business Dev", "person" : { "first_name" : "Neil", "last_name" : "Butani", "permalink" : "neil-butani" } }, { "is_past" : true, "title" : "Usabiliy Engineer", "person" : { "first_name" : "Bharath", "last_name" : "Balasubramanian", "permalink" : "bharath-balasibramanian" } }, { "is_past" : true, "title" : "Director of Engineering", "person" : { "first_name" : "Rajendran", "last_name" : "Dandapani", "permalink" : "rajendran-dandapani" } }, { "is_past" : true, "title" : "Market Analyst", "person" : { "first_name" : "Aravind", "last_name" : "Natarajan", "permalink" : "aravind-natarajan" } }, { "is_past" : true, "title" : "Director of Product Management", "person" : { "first_name" : "Hyther", "last_name" : "Nizam", "permalink" : "hyther-nizam" } }, { "is_past" : true, "title" : "Western Regional OEM Sales Manager", "person" : { "first_name" : "Ian", "last_name" : "Wenig", "permalink" : "ian-wenig" } } ], "competitions" : [], "providerships" : [ { "title" : "DHFH", "is_past" : true, "provider" : { "name" : "A Small Orange", "permalink" : "a-small-orange" } } ], "total_money_raised" : "$0", "funding_rounds" : [], "investments" : [], "acquisition" : null, "acquisitions" : [], "offices" : [ { "description" : "Headquarters", "address1" : "4900 Hopyard Rd.", "address2" : "Suite 310", "zip_code" : "94588", "city" : "Pleasanton", "state_code" : "CA", "country_code" : "USA", "latitude" : 37.692934, "longitude" : -121.904945 } ], "milestones" : [], "video_embeds" : [], "screenshots" : [ { "available_sizes" : [ [ [ 150, 94 ], "assets/images/resized/0004/3400/43400v1-max-150x150.png" ], [ [ 250, 156 ], "assets/images/resized/0004/3400/43400v1-max-250x250.png" ], [ [ 450, 282 ], "assets/images/resized/0004/3400/43400v1-max-450x450.png" ] ], "attribution" : null } ], "external_links" : [], "partners" : [] }
{ "_id" : { "$oid" : "52cdef7c4bab8bd675297d8c" }, "name" : "Zoho", "permalink" : "abc4", "crunchbase_url" : "http://www.crunchbase.com/company/zoho", "homepage_url" : "http://zoho.com", "blog_url" : "http://blogs.zoho.com/", "blog_feed_url" : "http://blogs.zoho.com/feed", "twitter_username" : "zoho", "category_code" : "software", "number_of_employees" : 1600, "founded_year" : 2005, "founded_month" : 9, "founded_day" : 15, "deadpooled_year" : 3, "tag_list" : "zoho, officesuite, spreadsheet, writer, projects, sheet, crm, show, creator, wiki, planner, suite, notebook, chat, meeting, mail", "alias_list" : "", "email_address" : "info@zohocorp.com", "phone_number" : "1-888-204-3539", "description" : "Online Business Apps Suite", "created_at" : "Fri May 25 19:30:28 UTC 2007", "updated_at" : "Wed Oct 30 00:07:05 UTC 2013", "overview" : "<p>Zoho offers a suite of Business, Collaboration &amp; Productivity applications. Apps include CRM, Customer Support, Office Suite, Email Hosting, Project Management, Accounting, App Creator among many others. </p>\n\n<p>Zoho&#8217;s parent company is Zoho Corp (previously AdventNet), &#8220;a software company started in 1996 focusing on building quality and affordable software for businesses.&#8221; </p>\n\n<p>Zoho&#8217;s main competitors are <a href=\"/company/google\" title=\"Google\" rel=\"nofollow\">Google</a> Docs &amp; Spreadsheets, Salesforce as well as <a href=\"/company/microsoft\" title=\"Microsoft\" rel=\"nofollow\">Microsoft</a> Office.</p>", "image" : { "available_sizes" : [ [ [ 150, 55 ], "assets/images/resized/0000/3946/3946v12-max-150x150.png" ], [ [ 250, 92 ], "assets/images/resized/0000/3946/3946v12-max-250x250.png" ], [ [ 435, 161 ], "assets/images/resized/0000/3946/3946v12-max-450x450.png" ] ] }, "products" : [ { "name" : "Zoho Office Suite", "permalink" : "zoho-office-suite" }, { "name" : "Zoho CRM", "permalink" : "zoho-crm" }, { "name" : "Zoho Assist", "permalink" : "zoho-assist" } ], "relationships" : [ { "is_past" : false, "title" : "CEO and Founder", "person" : { "first_name" : "Sridhar", "last_name" : "Vembu", "permalink" : "sridhar-vembu" } }, { "is_past" : false, "title" : "VP Product Managment", "person" : { "first_name" : "Hyther", "last_name" : "Nizam", "permalink" : "hyther-nizam" } }, { "is_past" : false, "title" : "VP Marketing", "person" : { "first_name" : "Rodrigo", "last_name" : "Vaca", "permalink" : "rodrigo-vaca" } }, { "is_past" : false, "title" : "Evangelist", "person" : { "first_name" : "Raju", "last_name" : "Vegesna", "permalink" : "raju-vegesna" } }, { "is_past" : false, "title" : "Director of Product Managment", "person" : { "first_name" : "Gibu", "last_name" : "Mathew", "permalink" : "gibu-mathew" } }, { "is_past" : false, "title" : "VP Opration", "person" : { "first_name" : "Neil", "last_name" : "Butani", "permalink" : "neil-butani" } }, { "is_past" : false, "title" : "Director Of Engineering", "person" : { "first_name" : "Rajendran", "last_name" : "Dandapani", "permalink" : "rajendran-dandapani" } }, { "is_past" : false, "title" : "President", "person" : { "first_name" : "Raj", "last_name" : "Sabhlok", "permalink" : "raj-sabhlok" } }, { "is_past" : false, "title" : "GM Marketing", "person" : { "first_name" : "Mouttou", "last_name" : "Sidambaram", "permalink" : "mouttou-sidambaram" } }, { "is_past" : false, "title" :

JSON in Processing

Need to know whether top-level entity is an Array or Object.

  • use loadJSONArray(filename) to get a JSONArray object.
  • use loadJSONObject(filename) to get a JSONObject object.

To access Arrays, use getJSONObject(index) to get the object at the index.

Use getInt(attr), getFloat(attr), and getString(attr) on a JSONObject to get the value associated with that attr.

Similar functions setInt(), setString(), and setFloat() exist on both JSONObjects and JSONArrays to set value. See Processing reference for details.

Redux: Sprite Sheets

Image by <a href="https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/hand-drawn-animation-frames-element-collection_33591464.htm#query=sprite%20sheets&position=2&from_view=keyword&track=ais_user_b&uuid=b38232c4-587b-4b4b-8487-8e2ff397867b">Freepik</a>

Metadata for sprite sheets often stored as JSON or XML, with info like:

  • Name of sprite
  • Position of sprite
  • Orientation of sprite
  • Size of sprite
  • Sequence in animation
  • etc...

Redux: Sprite Sheets

Image by <a href="https://www.freepik.com/free-vector/hand-drawn-animation-frames-element-collection_33591464.htm#query=sprite%20sheets&position=2&from_view=keyword&track=ais_user_b&uuid=b38232c4-587b-4b4b-8487-8e2ff397867b">Freepik</a>

[{ "filename": "catrun0000",
"frame":"x":370,"y":284,"w":36,"h":36},
"rotated":false,
"trimmed": false, "spriteSourceSize":{"x":0,"y":0,"w":36,"h":36}, "sourceSize":
{"w":36,"h":36} } ...

Hands-On: JSON

  1. Grab a JSON dataset. If you do not have a better idea, you may check out https://github.com/jdorfman/awesome-json-datasets
     
  2. Load the JSON into Processing using one of the load functions.
     
  3. Visualize some part of the JSON to the screen. You do not necessarily have to make a plot or a map, but there should be some visual representation of the data.

Index Cards!

  1. Your name and EID.
     
  2. One thing that you learned from class today. You are allowed to say "nothing" if you didn't learn anything.
     
  3. One question you have about something covered in class today. You may not respond "nothing".
     
  4. (Optional) Any other comments/questions/thoughts about today's class.

How do you get the size of your SVG?

Will not be 100% accurate, but good enough for a broad-phase collision check.

How can we define an AABB?

What is the ideal class structure for giving objects AABBs?

The AABB should be the smallest axis-aligned box enclosing the shape.

Suppose we have points \( (x_1, y_1), (x_2,y_2), \dots \) in our shape. What should the xMin and xMax of the AABB be?

Box 1 centered at \((x_1, y_1, z_1\)) with axial sizes of \(h_1\), \(w_1\), \(d_1\).

Boxes are not colliding if any of the following are true

|x_1 - x_2| > \frac{w_1 + w_2}{2}

Box 2 centered at \((x_2, y_2, z_2\)) with axial sizes of \(h_2\), \(w_2\), \(d_2\).

|z_1 - z_2| > \frac{d_1 + d_2}{2}
|y_1 - y_2| > \frac{h_1 + h_2}{2}

So boxes are colliding if all of the following are true

|x_1 - x_2| \leq \frac{w_1 + w_2}{2}
|z_1 - z_2| \leq \frac{d_1 + d_2}{2}
|y_1 - y_2| \leq \frac{h_1 + h_2}{2}

Are circular hitboxes often used in bullet hell games?

If your hitbox is a circle, you'll get hit in circle, which may be a frustrating player experience.

How can we simulate the collision of a liquid with an object?

Suppose we have a cloth with lots of points. Once we bypass the broad-phase, do we have to check every single point in the cloth?

No, we can segment the shape into smaller bounding volumes.

If we want to learn about sprite animation, do you recommend any resources?

The old Lecture 18 had some information in it, along with the materials you need to make a simple sprite animation yourself.

 

Slides available on Canvas under Class Slides > cs324e-18-old

Hands-On materials (with sprite sources) available under Hands-On Materials > sprites-inclass.zip

Processing website has examples of sprites and image animation: https://processing.org/examples#topics-animation

If you prefer videos, there do exist YouTube tutorials on the subject, e.g https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oiWmBVIu350.

[16]: Data Storage Formats

By Kevin Song

[16]: Data Storage Formats

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