Extra Precession of Mercury

By WillowW - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3416065

Gravitational Lenzing of Light

edited from Creative Commons 3.0: Mysid

Gravitational lenzing of light

F. W. Dyson, A. S. Eddington, and C. Davidson, "A Determination of the Deflection of Light by the Sun's Gravitational Field, from Observations Made at the Total Eclipse of May 29, 1919" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical or Physical Character (1920): 291-333, on 332.

• 1874- (unpublished) Cavendish
• 1804- Georg von Soldner
• 1911- Einstein

• 1915- Einstein

Gravitational Redshift

By Original image by User:Vlad2i, slightly modified by User:mapos. [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)], via Wikimedia Commons

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/relativ/gratim.html

1959: Pound-Rebka Experiment

Modern Tests of General Relativity

• Binary Pulsar Loosing Energy
• Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment
• Galactic Gravitational Lenzing
• Gravity Probe B

Hubble's Law- Modern?

• 2012: LARES
• 1976: Gravity Probe A
• 1971: Hafele-Keating Experiment
• Redshifted light from White Dwarfs

http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~pogge/Ast162/Unit5/Images/Hubble1929.gif

Expansion of Universe

• 1915: Einstein includes "cosmological constant" to create        static universe
• 1922: Friedmann finds non-stationary solutions
• 1927: Lemaitre shows static solutions unstable
• 1929: Hubble shows expansion of universe
• 1931: Einstein agrees
                he was wrong

Hulse-Taylor Binary

Copyrighted free use, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=827204

By Inductiveload - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9538634

Lunar Laser Ranging Experiment

By NASA - NASA Apollo Archive http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/alsj/a11/AS11-40-5952.jpg, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=719521

• Send laser to moon and back
• Get moon distance precisely
• Rule out "Nordtvedt effect"
  • Bodies fall at rates depending on composition

Galactic Gravitational Lensing

By Lensshoe_hubble.jpg: ESA/Hubble & NASA derivative work: Bulwersator (Lensshoe_hubble.jpg) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

By Gravity Probe B Team, Stanford, NASA (APOD) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Gravity Probe B

Stochastic Big Bang Background

Unknown?