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Spiral- Model
History of the Spiral - Model
The Spiral Model was introduced in 1986 by Barry Boehm
He presented it as an improvement over traditional models like the Waterfall model.
At that time, many large software projects were failing because:
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Risks were not identified early
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Costs increased unexpectedly
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Requirements changed during development
So, Barry Boehm proposed a risk-focused development approach.
Why Was the Spiral Model Created?
To solve problems like:
High project risk
High defect cost
Risk in critical systems
Unclear requirements
Defence Project
Defence Project
Defence Project
Defence Project
Definition Spiral-Model
Spiral Model is a risk-driven SDLC model where development happens in repeated cycles (spirals), and each cycle focuses on identifying and reducing risks before moving forward.
Purpose of the Spiral-Model
The main purpose is:
To manage risks effectively
✔ To handle changing requirements
✔ To build large & complex systems safely
✔ To involve customers regularly
It focuses on Risk Management + Incremental Development.
Real-Life Example
Imagine developing Online Banking Software:
🔹 First Spiral:
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Basic login system
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Identify security risks
🔹 Second Spiral:
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Add fund transfer feature
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Analyze fraud risk
🔹 Third Spiral:
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Add loan management
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Evaluate performance risk
At every stage, risks are analyzed before moving forward.
Advantages and Disadvantages
✅ Early risk identification
✅ Flexible for requirement changes
✅ Suitable for large projects
✅ Continuous client feedback
❌ Expensive
❌ Complex to manage
❌ Not suitable for small projects
❌ Requires risk expertise
✅ Advantages
❌ Disadvantages
spiral- model
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