FE like it's 2018

 

Diana Miron

front-end developer

UI/UX designer

JSgirls.ro founder

www.dianadesign.ro

www.jsgirls.ro

@JSgirls_ro

jsgirls.ro

Hello, world!

Andrei Antal

@andrei_antal

  • frontend engineer (since I can remember)
  • web & JS technologies enthusiast
  • passion for UI design and UX
  • perpetual learner

organizer for ngBucharest

@ngBucharest

groups/angularjs.bucharest

CONTENTS

  1. Web pages design history
  2. Responsive design and media queries
  3. Flexbox
  4. CSS Grid

INTRO

(pre) History of web design

...and then there was light

  • The World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee and developed at CERN in 1989-1990
  • The first web browser was released to the public on August 1991

1991

  • First Linux kernel released by Linus Torvald
  • Intel 486 chip released
  • Creative Labs releases first sound card
  • Street Fighter 2 released
  • Symantec releases Norton Anti Virus
  • Terminator 2: Judgment Day released
  • The Soviet Union dissolved - end of Cold War
  • Start of Gulf War and Balkan War
  • Nirvana releases Nevermind album
  • Freddie Mercury died

The web close to day 10.000

The car at day 10.000

The TV at day 10.000

The phone at day 10.000

The human at day 10.000

The first web page

http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html

First browsers

1993 - Mosaic browser - first commercial browser

1995 - Netscape and Internet Explorer

Early days

Second generation webistes

Design revolution

Table based layouts

Spacer gif

Table based layouts

Web tech timeline

  • 1991 - HTML
  • 1994 - HTML 2
  • 1996 - CSS 1 + Javascript
  • 1997 - HTML 4
  • 1998 - CSS 2
  • 2000 - XHTML 1
  • 2002 - Tableless Web design
  • 2005 - AJAX
  • 2009 - HTML 5
  • 2012 - CSS 3

Responsive Design

and

Media Queries

CSS Frameworks

Design for multiple screens

Responsive web design

https://alistapart.com/article/responsive-web-design

Responsive web design

Definition

 

​Responsive web design means designing your website so that it responds to your users environment based on screen size, platform and orientation.

Responsive web design

Definition

 

It looks different and things jiggle around, scale, re-order, appear, and disappear so it works well in your browser size or whatever device you’re using to view it...

Responsive web design

Responsive web design

Responsive web design

Responsive web design

Responsive web design

Adaptive vs Responsive

Breakpoints

Responsive web design

New ways of thinking

 

  • Works on everything - Design for many sizes at once
  • Clean design - reduce clutter, essential content only
  • Design from the content out - Let content decide breakpoints
  • Less Graphic files - CSS gradients, font icons

Navigation patterns

Toggle Navigation

Navigation patterns

Left Nav Flyout - aka Hamburger menu

RWD components

  • Flexible, grid-based layouts
    •  % widths and em units, not fixed pixels

 

  • Flexible images and media
    • width/height not fixed

 

  • CSS3 Media Queries
    • @media rule

Flexible layout

// HTML

<div class="container">
  <section>...</section>
  <aside>...</aside>
</div>
// CSS

.container {
  width: 538px;
}
section, aside {
  margin: 10px;
}
section {
  float: left;
  width: 340px;
}
aside {
  float: right;
  width: 158px;
}

Flexible layout

target ÷ context = result

Flexible layout

section, aside {
  margin: 1.858736059%; /*  10px ÷ 538px = .018587361 */
}
section {
  float: left;
  width: 63.197026%;    /* 340px ÷ 538px = .63197026 */   
}
aside {
  float: right;
  width: 29.3680297%;  /* 158px ÷ 538px = .293680297 */
}

Flexible layout

Grid systems

Flexible layout

Relative Viewport Lengths

  • vw - Viewports width
  • vh - Viewports height
  • vmin - Minimum of the viewport’s height and width
  • vmax - Maximum of the viewport’s height and width

Responsive images

<img srcset="image-320w.jpg 320w,
             image-480w.jpg 480w,
             image-800w.jpg 800w"
     sizes="(max-width: 320px) 280px,
            (max-width: 480px) 440px,
            800px"
     src="image-800w.jpg" alt="Some image">

Media queries

Media queries provide the ability to specify different styles for individual browser and device circumstances -

apply uniquely targeted styles​

// HTML

<!-- Separate CSS File -->
<link href="styles.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all and (max-width: 1024px)">
// CSS

/* @media Rule */
@media all and (max-width: 1024px) {...}

/* @import Rule */
@import url(styles.css) all and (max-width: 1024px) {...}

Media queries

@media screen and ( min-width: 500px ) and ( max-width: 800px ) {

 /* CSS declarations */

}

The width of the window must be AT LEAST 500px

The width of the window must ALSO be NO MORE THAN 800px

media_type: all | aural | braille | handheld | print | projection | screen | tty | tv | embossed | speech

Media queries

.container { 
    background: blue; 
}

@media screen and ( min-width: 500px ) and ( max-width: 800px ) {
    
    .container { 
        background: red; 
    }

}

@media screen and ( max-width: 500px ) {
    
    .container { 
        background: green; 
    }

}

Media queries

Viewport <meta> tag

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

DEMO TIME

Flexbox and Alignment

Floats

img {
  float: right;
  margin: 0 0 1em 1em;
}

Clearfix

.clearfix:after {
  content: "";
  display: table;
  clear: both;
}

Floating layout

nav {
  float: left;
  width: 200px;
}
section {
  margin-left: 200px;
}
nav {
  float: left;
  width: 25%;
}
section {
  margin-left: 25%;
}

Inline-block layout

nav {
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: top;
  width: 25%;
}
.column {
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: top;
  width: 75%;
}

Layout issues

Grids

Layout issues

Vertical centering

nasty 

padding
line-height
transform
.element {
  position: relative;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
}
.middle {
    display: table-cell;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

Basis for classic layout

The "display" property

  • Block
  • Inline
  • None

Flexbox

<div class="container">
    <div class="item">Red</div>
    <div class="item">Orange</div>
    <div class="item">Yellow</div>
    <div class="item">Green</div>
    <div class="item">Blue</div>
</div>

Flexbox

<div class="container">
    <div class="item">Red</div>
    <div class="item">Orange</div>
    <div class="item">Yellow</div>
    <div class="item">Green</div>
    <div class="item">Blue</div>
</div>
.container {
  display: flex;
}

Flexbox content axis

Flexbox direction

<div class="container">
    <div class="item">Red</div>
    <div class="item">Orange</div>
    <div class="item">Yellow</div>
    <div class="item">Green</div>
    <div class="item">Blue</div>
</div>
.container {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column; // row is the default
}

<div class="container">
    <div class="item">Red</div>
    <div class="item">Orange</div>
    <div class="item">Yellow</div>
    <div class="item">Green</div>
    <div class="item">Blue</div>
</div>
.container {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row-reverse;
}

Flexbox direction

<div class="container">
    <div class="item">Red</div>
    <div class="item">Orange</div>
    <div class="item">Yellow</div>
    <div class="item">Green</div>
    <div class="item">Blue</div>
</div>
.item:nth-child(5) {
    order: -1;
}
.item:nth-child(2) {
    order: 1;
}

Flexbox child order

Source order shift

<div class="container">
    <div class="item">Red</div>
    <div class="item">Orange</div>
    <div class="item">Yellow</div>
    <div class="item">Green</div>
    <div class="item">Blue</div>
</div>
.container {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center; /* aligns on main axis */
}

Flexbox content alignment

.container {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

Flexbox content alignment

.container {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-around;
}
.container {
    display: flex;
    height: 200px;
    align-items: stretch; /* streches along cross axis */
}

Flexbox content streching

.container {
    display: flex;
    height: 200px;
    align-items: flex-end;
}

.item:nth-child(3) {
    align-self: stretch;
}

Flexbox child alignment

.container {
    display: flex;
    height: 200px;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
}

Flexbox centering

.container {
    display: flex;
    height: 200px;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
}

Flexbox centering

.container {
    display: flex;
    height: 200px;
    justify-content: space-around;
    align-items: center;
}

Flexbox centering

.container {
    display: flex;
}

.item:nth-child(4) {
    flex-grow: 1;
}

Flexbox content filling

.container {
    display: flex;
}

.item:nth-child(4) {
    flex-grow: 1; /* will be 1/3 of space left */
}

.item:nth-child(5) {
    flex-grow: 2; /* will be 2/3 of space left */
}

Flexbox content filling

.container {
    display: flex;
}
.item {
    flex-shrink: 0;
}
.item:nth-child(7) {
    flex-shrink: 1;
}

Flexbox content filling

.container {
    display: flex;
}
.item {
    flex-basis: 60px;
}

Flexbox basis size

.container {
    display: flex;
}
.item {
    flex-basis: 60px;
}
.item:nth-child(1) {
    flex-grow: 1;
}

Flexbox content filling

.item {
    flex-grow: 1;
    flex-shrink: 1;
    flex-basis: auto;
}

/* equivalent to */

.item {
    flex: 1 1 auto;
}

Flexbox shorthand syntax and defaults

.container {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.item {
    flex: 1 0 150px;
}

Flexbox content wrapping

Flexbox content wrapping

Flexbox

Flexbox

Flexbox is good for:

  • Space distribution between elements and positioning (both vertical and horizontal)
  • Centering items
  • Sticky footers
  • Form controls

Flexbox

 

Flexbox might not be the best candidate for:

  • All layout for the page
  • grids

Grid can position elements in 2 dimensions, flex only in one 

 

Flexbox

Learn Flexbox

http://flexboxfroggy.com/

https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/a-guide-to-flexbox/

http://www.flexboxdefense.com/

https://flexbox.webflow.com/

https://github.com/philipwalton/flexbugs

🐞

CSS Grid

The Next Big 💩

built by those who did

1996 - “frame-based” layout model

2005 - Advanced Layout Module

Jan 2017 - Chromium 56 for Android 

March 2017 - Firefox Mozilla 

2 days later - Chrome

end of March - Opera + Safari

Ironically, the last company to ship CSS Grid was Microsoft

A terrific example of standards success and cross-browser collaboration.

 

It closes the loop on a process that has been more than 20 years in the making.

Why CSS Grid ?

CSS Grid can do things Flexbox can't do

Flexbox - layout in a single dimension – in a row OR a column

CSS Grid - layout of items in two dimensions – rows AND columns

Explicit about the size of a grid item + the size your content takes up

It is the most powerful layout tool that we have invented for CSS. Yet

Syntax

Grid Container

(parent)

.container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 40px 50px auto 50px 40px;
  grid-template-rows: 25% 100px auto;
}
.container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 20px) 5%;
}
.container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
}
.container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 50px 1fr 1fr;
}
.container {
  grid-template-columns: 50px 50px 50px 50px;
  grid-template-rows: auto;
  grid-template-areas: 
    "header     header     header     header"
    "main       main       .          sidebar"
    "footer     footer     footer     footer";
}
.item-a {
  grid-area: header;
}
.item-b {
  grid-area: main;
}
.item-c {
  grid-area: sidebar;
}
.item-d {
  grid-area: footer;
}

.container {
    display: grid;
    grid-column-gap: 10px;
    grid-row-gap: 15px;
}

Alignment

justify-content -> Aligns the content inside a grid item along the row axis

align-content -> Aligns the content inside a grid item along the column axis 

.container {
  justify-content: start | end | center | stretch | 
  space-around | space-between | space-evenly;	
}
.container {
  justify-content: start;
}
.container {
  justify-content: end;
}
.container {
  justify-content: center;
}
.container {
  justify-content: stretch;
}
.container {
  justify-content: space-around;
}
.container {
  justify-content: space-between;
}
.container {
  justify-content: space-evenly;
}

grid-auto-flow

.container {
  grid-auto-flow: row | column | row dense | column dense
}

Grid Items

(children)

grid-column-start
grid-column-end
grid-row-start
grid-row-end

Positioning

.item-a {
  grid-column-start: 2;
  grid-column-end: five;
  grid-row-start: row1-start
  grid-row-end: 3
}
.item-b {
  grid-column-start: 1;
  grid-column-end: span col4-start;
  grid-row-start: 2
  grid-row-end: span 2
}

Alignment

justify-self -> Aligns the content inside a grid item along the row axis

align-self -> Aligns the content inside a grid item along the column axis 

.item {
  justify-self: start | end | center | stretch;
  align-self: start | end | center | stretch;
}
.item-a {
  align-self: start;
}
.item-a {
  align-self: end;
}
.item-a {
  align-self: center;
}
.item-a {
  align-self: stretch;
}

Dev Tools

Resources

CSS Grid Layout Module Level 1
https://www.w3.org/TR/css-grid-1/

CSS Grid Layout – Mozilla Developer Network
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Grid_Layout

Grid by Example – Rachel Andrew
https://gridbyexample.com/examples/

Grab & Go Grid Layout Patterns by Rachel Andrew
https://gridbyexample.com/patterns/

Layout Demos by Jen Simmons
http://labs.jensimmons.com/2016/

Learn CSS Grid by Jen Simmons
http://jensimmons.com/post/feb-27-2017/learn-css-grid

CSS Grid and Grid Inspector in Firefox
https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/developer/css-grid/

Practical CSS Grid: Adding Grid to an Existing Design by Eric Meyer
https://alistapart.com/article/practical-grid

Progressively Enhancing CSS Layout: From Floats To Flexbox To Grid by Manuel Matuzović
https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2017/07/enhancing-css-layout-floats-flexbox-grid/

Box Alignment Cheatsheet by Rachel Andrew
https://rachelandrew.co.uk/css/cheatsheets/box-alignment

CSS Grid Layout by Rachel Andrew – An Event Apart video
https://aneventapart.com/news/post/css-grid-layout-by-rachel-andrewan-event-apart-video

Revolutionize Your Page: Real Art Direction on the Web by Jen Simmons – An Event Apart video
https://aneventapart.com/news/post/real-art-direction-on-the-web-by-jen-simmons-an-event-apart

“Learn Grid Layout” video series by Rachel Andrew
https://gridbyexample.com/video/

Why I love CSS Grid – a short video by Jen Simmons
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tY-MHUsG6ls

Modern Layouts: Getting Out of Our Ruts by Jen Simmons – An Event Apart video
https://vimeo.com/147950924

Conclusion

Thanks Y'all!

antal.a.andrei@gmail.com

Diana

diana@ap3.ro

@dianadesign19

Andrei

@andrei_antal

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