Laurent Hardy
Icons by TheNounProject
Photo by Boris Smokrovic on Unsplash
Jose A. Bernat Bacet [Getty Images]
generator
transmission
distribution
consumer
markets
grid
retailer
Wholesale market
Ancillary market
Demand Response market
Usually sold as future contracts for cash because contracts can be settled in advance
Usually sold as forward contracts because contracts are settled in the delivery of the electricity
Photo by William Bout on Unsplash
MWh
Predictions are done manually according to the activity of production.
In exchange for economic compensation, the consumer agrees to shift his consumption or avoid consuming at that time of the day.
time
MWh
Smart thermostats can make accurate predictions about electricity consumption.
No aggregators appear to be willing to pass through the price the shifting of very small quantities of electricity consumption.
MWh
MWh
MWh
By aggregating customers, financial incentives to include small residential customers in the demand response markets might arise
Photo by William Bout on Unsplash
Photo by Andreas Gücklhorn on Unsplash
solar generation peak
smooth the mismatch between production and consumption of electricity
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Net Capacity
(excluding renewable sources) the grid operator needs to have in order to cover the demand at all times
2012 (actual)
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018 2019
2020
2013 (actual)
source: Adapted from CAISO 2016, What the duck curve tells us about managing a green grid
Photo by William Bout on Unsplash
Conjoule
DAISEE
Drift
ElectricChain
Electron
Energy Web Foundation
Filament
Freeelio
Greenum
Grid+
Grid Singularity
ImpactPPA
LO3 Energy
M-PAYG
MyBit
NRGcoin
Power Ledger
SolarCoin
Sun Exchange
Volt Markets
wePower
Conjoule, DAISEE, Drift, Electron, Energy Web Foundation, Greenum, Grid+, ImpactPPA, LO3 Energy, M-PAYG, MyBit, NRGcoin, Power Ledger, Volt Markets, wePower
ImpactPPA, MyBit, Sun Exchange, wePower
ElectricChain, Filament, Freeelio, Greenum, Grid Singularity, SolarCoin
Photo by Samuel Zeller on Unsplash
1.6% households
in the world
have solar
< 1% households
in the world
have storage
The grid doesn't know about specific electrons
There is a 100% collateralisation necessary to avoid counter party risks
Almost anybody would love to pay less on their electricity bill
30–40%
cost reduction?
Substantial potential, especially now that conventional funding is flattening or decreasing
Lots of uncertainties regarding funding projects with blockchain, security, identity, governance, legal status, dispute resolution
blockchain
dispute
legal status
governance
identity
security
do research, learn the technology,
test the product, engage with the community, compare with other projects, read the documentation, look for red flags
Photo by Rodion Kutsaev on Unsplash
source: Grid+ interview on Epicenter
market data
smart meter
smart agent
data
data
payment is based on the consumption of the last 15min
market data
smart meter
smart agent
data
data
payment is based on the generation of the next 15min
data
ERC20
Alice wants to pay Bob
Bob
Alice
Alice open a channel by locking 9 tokens in it
Alice can start making payment to Bob
When the channel is closed, the remaining tokens are sent back to Alice
source: Raiden Network
philosophy: all the users are naive users
Created by Grid+
The user makes a deposit
Stable 1:1 token backed by dollars
Bolt tokens are sent to the user
The smart agent spends Bolts
Grid+ then destroys it and move money from the deposit to pay for the electricity consumed
Redeemable to remove markup on 500 kWh of electricity (Grid+ would normally charge 30% markup to the user)
It allows the user to pay electricity at cost
Each token would save the user around 10–15 dollar worth of electricity (depending on the local price of electricity)
Innovation at the edges
IoT / Smart Home integration
HD wallet functionalities
source: Grid+ interview with Crypt0
Photo by Benedikt Jaletzke on Unsplash
Invest in energy assets in the form of equity to share the profits the asset will generate in the future
Trade energy P2P or through a host platform where utilities can on–board their customers
Generate, store, analyse, learn and share data related to energy production and consumption
Connect to third parties to leverage Power Ledger services and capitalise on users achievements and assets
A way to make Power Ledger operable internationally,
and to protect consumers against badly managed Application Hosts
allow Application Hosts and Participants access to and use of the Platform (like a limited software licensing permission) anywhere in the world
issued against escrowed POWR tokens, via a Smart Bond, and used by the Application Host to onboard its customers
source: Power Ledger White Paper
Buy POWR tokens
Buy POWR tokens
POWR Smart Bond
generates SPARKZ
POWR converts to local market SPARKZ
consumers
prosumers
Application Hosts
sells SPARKZ
prosumers
generates energy
P2P consumers
buy & trade SPARKZ
$
SP
SP
$
kWh
SP
SP
kWh
source: Power Ledger White Paper
rewards prosumers and consumers of green energy with POWR tokens collected as fees on every P2P transactions on the platform
the demand for the POWR token will likely increase
donation of micro-portions of the transactions to innovative and sustainable energy projects
source: Power Ledger White Paper
source: Power Ledger White Paper
WePower = platform that acts as an independent energy supplier
(households, investors, market makers)
tokenisation of future energy production
data
data
data
source: WePower White Paper
The smart contract represents a standard power purchase agreement between the renewable energy producer and energy buyer.
source: WePower White Paper
By Laurent Hardy
Perspectives on the energy sector of today and why blockchain might be a suitable solution for its problems. A review of the international scene of the main players involved and a small selection of outstanding projects that are pushing for the adoption of their innovative solutions.
