Hydrology

Hydrology is the scientific study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth and other planets, including the

hydrologic cycle, water resources and environmental watershed sustainability.

Hydrology is subdivided into surface water hydrology, groundwater hydrology (hydrogeology), and marine hydrology. Domains of  hydrology include 

hydrometeorology, 

surface hydrology,

hydrogeology, 

drainage basin management and water quality, where water plays the central role.

The Hydro-logical Cycle

he sun's heat provides energy to evaporate water from the earth's surface (oceans, lakes, etc.). Plants also lose water to the air - this is called transpiration. The water vapour eventually condenses, forming tiny droplets in clouds.

 

Some of the underground water is trapped between rock or clay layers - this is called groundwater. But most of the water flows downhill as runoff (above ground or underground), eventually returning to the seas as slightly salty water.​

ATMOSPHERE

 Atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a planet or other material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body. An atmosphere is more likely to be retained if the gravity is high and the atmosphere's temperature is low.

The atmosphere is a mixture of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and other gases (1%) that surrounds Earth. High above the planet, the atmosphere becomes thinner until it gradually reaches space. It is divided into five layers. Most of the weather and clouds are found in the first layer.

Earth's Atmosphere

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