• 1999-6 Billion people
• avg birth rate in developed countries: 12-13 per 1000
• avg birth rate in developing countries: 26-27 per 1000
• Birth rates in all European countries are low because there is
  • family planning
  • women wanting to pursue careers and being better educated
  • 1/2 is normal socially accepted family size
  • children cost money and do not contribute to income until, if at all, they reach adulthood
• Middle East+Africa = birth rates well over 40 per 1000, because:
  • little family planning
  • women with little education and they marry young
  • 5+ children in a family is considered normal
  • economically children work to supplement family income
  • some governments and religions do not support or approve of birth control

Death Rates

• death rates are similar in developing and developed: 9-10
• since 1950's, death rates fell due to medical knowledge
• War town countries and diseased countries have higher rates such as Sierra Leone
• HIV/AIDS also contributes
• Botswana and Zimbabwe death rates rising

 

Natural Increase 

• birth rates higher than death rates = population increase
• Angola - birth rate is 52.3, death rate is 21.1. Increase of 31.2 per 1000, meaning the natural increase is 3.1%

 

Population structure 

• make up of country by age and sex
• poor countries: fairly distributed by age 

 

Population structure 

• young + old = dependent on government 
• Working + independent = pays taxes and contributes

 

Young and Ageing Populations

• pakistan = young population/fertility rate -5
• germany = ageing population/fertility rate - 1.3
• In order to maintain population size, fertility rate of 2.1 is needed
• Europe has lowest rates, with 13 countries below 1.3
• Life expectancy is high to, making for an ageing population
• Also lower infant mortality rates = increased young population