Mastering State

Management (v4+)

Laptops charged and ready by 10:00 ~ish

Instructions bit.ly/devfestdc-ngrx-doc

Google Developer Expert

Master of Ceremonies

Blogger

International Speaker

Angular Trainer (v4+)

Community Leader

850

875

Angular

Features

  • Latest Web Standards
  • Simple
  • Lightning fast
  • Works everywhere

new in Angular

Angular Version

// index.html
<my-app ng-version="4.1.0">
  <div>
    <h2>Hello Angular 4! 👋</h2>
  </div>
</my-app>

Semantic Versioning

X . Y . Z

   MAJOR       MINOR        PATCH  

Semantic Versioning

  • v4 March 2017
  • v5 Sept/Oct 2017
  • v6 March 2018
  • v7 Sept/Oct 2018

Angular 4

  • Improved compiler (AOT)
  • uses TypeScript 2.3
  • new bundles
    • @angular/platform-server
    • @angular/animations

Angular 4

  • Add/update meta tag
  • New EmailValidator
  • Deprecated
    • template, OpaqueToken
    • ng-template, InjectionToken 

ngIf changes

// Angular 2
<div *ngIf="flightInfo">{{flightInfo.name}}</div>
<div *ngIf="!flightInfo">Loading...</div>

// Angular 4
<div *ngIf="flightInfo; else noInfo">{{flight.name}}</div>
<ng-template #noInfo>
  <div>Loading...</div>
</ng-template>

async pipe changes

// Angular 2
<div *ngIf="flightInfo$ | async">
  {{(flightInfo$ | async)?.name}}
</div>

// Angular 4
<div *ngIf="flightInfo$ | async; let flight">
  {{flight.name}}
</div>

<div *ngIf="flightInfo$ | async as flight">
  {{flight.name}}
</div>

Redux

Angular Data Layer

DATA CLIENTS

GraphQL

Firebase

ngrx

Redux

STATE MANAGEMENT

Dan Abramov

@gaearon

Main Principles

  • Unidirectional data flow
  • Single Immutable State
  • New states are created without side-effects

Unidirectional data flow

source: blog

1

2

3

4

5

Single Immutable State

  • Helps tracking changes by reference
  • Improved Performance
  • Enforce by convention or using  a library. Eg: Immutable.js

Immutable by Convention

  • New array using Array Methods
    • map, filter, slice, concat
    • Spread operator (ES6) [...arr]
  • New object using Object.assign (ES6)

Using Immutable.js

let selectedUsers = Immutable.List([1, 2, 3]);  
let user = Immutable.Map({ id: 4, username: 'Spiderman'}):

let newSelection = selectedUsers.push(4, 5, 6); // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];  
let newUser = user.set('admin', true);  
newUser.get('admin') // true

Reducers

  • Reducers create new states in response to Actions applied to the current State
  • Reducers are pure functions
  • Don't produce side-effects
  • Composable

Example: pure function

// function foo(x) { return x+1; } 
let foo = x => x+1;

// pure function
foo(1); // 2
foo(1); // 2

Example: side-effect

let flag = false;
let foo = x => { 
  flag = !flag;  // side effect
  return flag ? x+1: 0;
}

// not pure function
foo(1); // 2
foo(1); // 0

Middlewares

  • Sit between Actions and Reducers
  • Used for logging, storage and asynchronous operations
  • Composable

Performance

Change Detection

source: blog

Change Detection

source: blog

ngrx

Angular Data Layer

DATA CLIENTS

GraphQL

Firebase

ngrx

Redux

STATE MANAGEMENT

Rob Wormald

@robwormald

  • Re-implementation of Redux on top Angular and RxJS 5
  • ngrx suite: store, effects, router, db

RxJS 5

5.0.3

1

2

3

Stream

Observable

//Observable constructor
let simple$ = Rx.Observable.create(observer => {
  try {
    //pushing values
    observer.next(1);
    observer.next(2);
    observer.next(3);

    //complete stream
    observer.complete();
  }
  catch(e) {
    //error handling
    observer.error(e);
  }
});

Subscribe

/*
a$ ---1---2---3|
*/

let a$ = Rx.Observable.of(1,2,3);

let subscription = a$.subscribe({
  next:  x => console.log(x),
  error: x => console.log('#'),
  complete: () => console.log('|')
});

Unsubscribe

let subscription = twits$.subscribe(
  twit => feed.push(twit),
  error => console.log(error),
  () => console.log('done')
);

setTimeout(() => subscription.unsubscribe(), 5000);

Solution Architecture

Components Tree

source: blog

Components Tree

<app>
  <add-todo>
    <input><button>Add todo</button>
  </add-todo>
  <todo-list>
    <ul>
      <todo id="0" completed="false"><li>buy milk</li></todo>
    </ul>
  </todo-list>
  <filters>
    Show: <filter-link><a>All</a><filter-link> ... 
  </filters>
</app>

Setup

import { App } from './app';
import { StoreModule } from "@ngrx/store";
import { rootReducer } from './rootReducer';

@NgModule({
  imports: [ 
    BrowserModule, 
    StoreModule.provideStore(rootReducer)
  ],
  declarations: [ App ],
  bootstrap: [ App ]
})
export class AppModule {}

platformBrowserDynamic().bootstrapModule(AppModule);

Adding a new Todo

  1. Component subscribes
  2. Component dispatches ADD_TODO action
  3. Store executes rootReducer
  4. Store notifies Component
  5. View updates

1

2

3

4

5

Subscribing to the Store

@Component({
  template: 
      `<todo *ngFor="let todo of todos | async">{{todo.text}}</todo>`
})

export class App implements OnDestroy {
  public todos: Observable<Todo>;
  
  constructor(
    private _store: Store<TodosState>
  ) {
    this.todos = _store.let(
      state$ => state$.select(s => s.todos); 
    );
  }
}

ADD_TODO Action

// add new todo
{
  type: ADD_TODO,
  id: 1,
  text: "learn redux",
  completed: false
}

todos Reducer

const initialState = [];

const todos = (state = initialState, action:Action) => {
  switch (action.type) {
    case TodoActions.ADD_TODO: 
      return state.concat({ 
          id: action.id,
          text: action.text,
          completed: action.completed });
    default: return state;
  }
}

// {
//  todos: [], <-- todos reducer will mutate this key
//  currentFilter: 'SHOW_ALL'
// }

currentFilter Reducer

const currentFilter = (state = 'SHOW_ALL', action: Action) => {
  switch (action.type) {
    case TodoActions.SET_CURRENT_FILTER:
      return action.filter
    default: return state;
  }
}

// {
//  todos: [],
//  currentFilter: 'SHOW_ALL' <-- filter reducer will mutate this key
// }

rootReducer

import { combineReducers } from '@ngrx/store';

const combinedReducer = combineReducers({
  todos: todos,
  currentFilter: currentFilter
});

export rootReducer = (state, action) => combinedReducer(state, action);

New State

{
  todos: [{
    id: 1,
    text: "learn redux",
    completed: false
  }],
  currentFilter: 'SHOW_ALL'
}

// {
//  todos: [], <-- we start with no todos
//  currentFilter: 'SHOW_ALL'
// }

Stateless Components

Stateless Todo Component

// <todo id="1" completed="true">buy milk</todo>
@Component({
  inputs: ['id', 'completed'],
  template: `
    <li (click)="onTodoClick(id)"
      [style.textDecoration]="completed?'line-through':'none'">
      <ng-content></ng-content>
    </li>`,
  changeDetection: ChangeDetectionStrategy.OnPush
})
export class Todo { 
  constructor(
    private _store: Store<TodosState>, 
    private todoActions:TodoActions
  ) { }

  private onTodoClick(id){
    this._store.dispatch(this.todoActions.toggleTodo(id));
  }
}

Redux Dev Tools

Features

  • Save/Restore State
  • Live Debugging
  • Time travel
  • Dispatch Actions

Why use Redux?

Main Benefits

  • Simplified Development
  • Avoids complex dependencies
  • Great Performance
  • Developer Experience

Thanks!

Mastering state management using Angular (v4+)

By Gerard Sans

Mastering state management using Angular (v4+)

In this CodeLab we are going to use the latest version of Angular to learn advanced state management using ngrx/store. ngrx/store uses an implementation inspired by Redux using Observables from RxJS 5.

  • 2,912