Introduction to Traefik on Docker Swarm

Asmir Mustafic

PHP User Group Berlin - September 2019

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Me

@goetas

Asmir Mustafic

Berlin

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Reverse Proxy or Proxy

proxy

reverse proxy

users

server

Load balancing

HTTPS

https

http

Merge URL Spaces

sport.host.com/top-10

politic.host.com/germany

host.com/politic/germany

host.com/sport/top-10

Compression

gzip

plain

Cache

cache

Serve static content

index.php

image.png

Logging

Authentication

Rate limiting

Security

Projects

HA Proxy

load balancing ✔
logging ✔
https/ssl/http2 ✘
static content ✘
merge url space ✘
cache ✘
compression ✘

TCP level

FAST! FAST! FAST! FAST! FAST! FAST!

Varnish

load balancing ✔
logging ✔
https/ssl/http2 ✘
static content ✘
merge url space ✔
cache ✔
compression ✔

CACHE! CACHE! CACHE! CACHE! CACHE!

HTTP level

nginx

load balancing ✔
logging ✘ ?
https/ssl/http2 ✔
static content ✔
merge url space ✔
cache ✔
compression ✔

$ 670 million acquisition!

HTTP level

Static Configurations

Change configs and reload configs

Dynamic Environment

Dynamic Environment

Traefik

MIT License

containo.us

Cloud Native Edge Router

HTTP(s) protocol

Traefik

DYNAMIC CONFIGURATIONS!

Architecture

Configuration

# Entry Points
[entryPoints]
  [entryPoints.http]
    address = ":80"


# Frontends
[frontends]

  [frontends.frontend1]
    entryPoints = ["http"]
    backend = "backend1"

# Backends
[backends]

  [backends.backend1]

    [backends.backend1.servers]
      [backends.backend1.servers.server0]
        url = "http://10.10.10.1:80"

TOML file

Traefik

version: '3.4'
services:
  reverse-proxy:
    image: traefik:1.7-alpine
    command: "-c /conf.toml"
    volumes: 
      - "./conf.toml:/conf.toml"
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
      # - "8080:8080"
$ docker-compose up -d

SSL/HTTPS

HTTP2

AUTH

Rate Limiting

Custom Errors

Load balance RR, WRR

Circuit breakers

Health Checks

Sticky Sessions

Custom Headers

HA Cluster

Prometheus 

OpenTracing

Let's Encrypt

Configuration Discovery

Docker / Swarm mode
Kubernetes
Mesos / Marathon
Rancher (API, Metadata)
Azure Service Fabric
Consul Catalog
Eureka
Amazon ECS
Amazon DynamoDB
Rest API

Configuration

# Enable Docker Provider.
[docker]

endpoint = "tcp://1.2.3.4:2377"

watch = true

swarmMode = true

exposedByDefault = false

Discovery

Docker Swarm TOML configs

Configuration

Discovery

version: '3.4'
services:
  web:
    image: nginx
    deploy:
      labels:
        - "traefik.enable=true"
        - "traefik.frontend.rule=Host:example.com"

Docker / Docker Swarm

Configuration

Discovery

version: '3.4'
services:
  web:
    image: nginx
    deploy:
      labels:
        - "traefik.enable=true"
        - "traefik.frontend.rule=Host:example.com"
        
        - "traefik.port=80"
        - "traefik.backend.healthcheck.path=/health"
        - "traefik.backend.loadbalancer.method=wrr"
        - "traefik.backend.loadbalancer.stickiness=true"
        - "..."

Docker / Docker Swarm

Configuration

Discovery

---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
        name: traefik-ingress-lb
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: traefik-ingress-controller
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
      containers:
      - image: traefik
        name: traefik-ingress-lb
        ports:
        - name: http
          containerPort: 80
        - name: admin
          containerPort: 8080
        args:
        - --api
        - --kubernetes
        - --logLevel=INFO
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-service
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      name: web
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 8080
      name: admin
  type: NodePort
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - services
      - endpoints
      - secrets
      - watch

Kubernetes

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: Deployment
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
        name: traefik-ingress-lb
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: traefik-ingress-controller
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
      containers:
      - image: traefik
        name: traefik-ingress-lb
        ports:
        - name: http
          containerPort: 80
        - name: admin
          containerPort: 8080
        args:
        - --api
        - --kubernetes
        - --logLevel=INFO
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-service
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      name: web
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 8080
      name: admin
  type: NodePort
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: DaemonSet
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-controller
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
        name: traefik-ingress-lb
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: traefik-ingress-controller
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
      containers:
      - image: traefik
        name: traefik-ingress-lb
        ports:
        - name: http
          containerPort: 80
          hostPort: 80
        - name: admin
          containerPort: 8080
        securityContext:
          capabilities:
            drop:
            - ALL
            add:
            - NET_BIND_SERVICE
        args:
        - --api
        - --kubernetes
        - --logLevel=INFO
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-service
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      name: web
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 8080
      name: admin

Cluster Mode

leader / worker

Cluster Storage

K/V Stores:

Consul
etcd
ZooKeeper

boltdb

Cluster

traefik 1

traefik 2

traefik 3

consul (k/v)

internet 

backend 

Complete Example

Docker-Swarm based

Traefik (1/2)

version: '3.4'
services:
  traefik-init:
    image: traefik:1.7-alpine
    command:
      - "storeconfig"

      - "--consul"
      - "--consul.endpoint=3.4.5.6:8500"
      - "--consul.watch"

      - "--defaultentrypoints=http,https"
      - "--entrypoints=Name:http Address::80 Redirect.EntryPoint:https" 
      - "--entrypoints=Name:https Address::443 Compress:true"

      - "--docker.endpoint=tcp://1.2.3.4:2375"
      - "--docker.swarmMode"
      - "--docker.exposedByDefault=false"

    deploy:
      restart_policy:
        condition: none

Traefik (2/2)

version: '3.4'
services:
  reverse-proxy:
    image: traefik:1.7-alpine
    command:
     - "--consul"
     - "--consul.watch"
     - "--consul.endpoint=3.4.5.6:8500"

    ports:
      - target: 80
        published: 80
        mode: host

      - target: 443
        published: 443
        mode: host

      - target: 8080 # dashboard
        published: 8080
        mode: host
    deploy:
      replicas: 3

Thank you!

Introduction to Traefik on Docker Swarm - PHP UG - Berlin

By Asmir Mustafic

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Introduction to Traefik on Docker Swarm - PHP UG - Berlin

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