3f Representing Images
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/16006/images/7864689/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
3f Representing Images
- Understand what a pixel is and be able to describe how pixels relate to an image and the way images are displayed.
- Describe the following for bitmaps: image size; colour depth.
- Know that the size of a bitmap image is measured in pixels (width × height).
- Describe how a bitmap represents an image using pixels and colour depth.
- Describe using examples how the number of pixels and colour depth can affect the file size of a bitmap image.
- Calculate bitmap image file sizes based on the number of pixels and colour depth.
- Convert binary data into a bitmap image.
- Convert a bitmap image into binary data.
The Pixel
A bitmap image is made up of lots of picture elements (pixels).
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/16006/images/7864302/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
Each pixel is a small rectangular block that has information about its colour.
Width = 13 pixels
Height = 11 pixels
Colours = 3 (red, white, black)
Resolution
Image resolution is the number pixels in the image.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/16006/images/7864302/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
Width = 13 pixels
Height = 11 pixels
Number of pixels = 13 × 11 = 143
Resolution
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/16006/images/7864302/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
The higher the resolution, more pixels in an image, the more detail can be displayed, making the image more realistic.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/16006/images/7864351/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
Colour Depth
Each pixel has a colour depth.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/16006/images/7864302/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
The number of colours that can be displayed.
1 bit colour depth = 21 = 2 colours
2 bit colour depth = 22 = 4 colours
3 bit colour depth = 23 = 8 colours
8 bit colour depth = 28 = 256 colours
16 bit colour depth = 216 = 65,536 colours
24 bit colour depth = 224 = 16,777,216 colours
True colour (humans can distinguish approximately 10,000,000 colours)
2 bit colour depth
Colour Depth
The greater the colour depth, the more colours can be displayed, allowing more realistic images.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/16006/images/7864360/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/16006/images/7864351/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
Image Size
An image's size is calculated from the number of pixels multiplied by the colour depth.
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/16006/images/7864302/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
Width = 13 pixels
Height = 11 pixels
Colours = 3 (red, white, black)
Number of pixels = 143
Colour depth = 2 (four colour)
Image size
143 × 2 = 286 bits
286 ÷ 8 = 35.75 (36 bytes)
My First Monitor
My first monitor had a resolution of 640 × 480 with 16 bit colour.
So each image on the screen was:
640 × 480 × 16 = 4,915,200 bits
4,915,200 ÷ 8 = 614,400 bytes
approximately 614 kB
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/16006/images/7864384/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
Modern Monitors
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/16006/images/7864342/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
approximately 6.9 MB
This presentation was created on a monitor with a resolution of 1920 × 1200 and the colour depth is 24 bit.
So each image on the screen is:
1920 × 1200 × 24 = 55,296,000 bits
55,296,000 ÷ 8 = 6,912,000 bytes
Convert an Image to Binary
Each pixel has the binary color assigned to it.
Two colours means one bit.
Let white be '0' and blue be '1'.
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Convert Binary Data to an Image
This binary value represents an image of resolution 5 x 5 with a colour depth of 2.
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Draw the image, use the grid to help you.
Work from left to right putting the binary number in each square.
Shade in the squares that contain a '1'.
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
Questions
- Convert the image into binary where white is given the value '1' and black is given the value '0'.
- What is colour depth?
- Calculate how many different colours a 5-bit image can use.
- What is the formula that relates file size, image resolution and colour depth?
- Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using images with a high resolution.
- An image is 10 pixels high, 10 pixels wide and has a colour depth of 4 bits. What is the file size (in bits) of the image?
- An image with only two colours is saved as a 4-bit image. Explain why this is inefficient.
Questions
- What is colour depth?
The number of bits used for each pixel.
- Calculate how many different colours a 5-bit image can use.
2⁵ = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 32
- What is the formula that relates file size, image resolution and colour depth?
file size (bits) = width × height × colour depth
- Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using images with a high resolution.
Advantage: likely to produce a better quality image
Disadvantage: will require more storage space
Questions
- What is the formula that relates file size, image resolution and colour depth?
file size (bits) = width × height × colour depth
- Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using images with a high resolution.
Advantage: likely to produce a better quality image
Disadvantage: will require more storage space
- An image is 10 pixels high, 10 pixels wide and has a colour depth of 4 bits. What is the file size (in bits) of the image?
10 × 10 × 4 = 400 bits
Questions
- An image with only two colours is saved as a 4-bit image. Explain why this is inefficient.
- Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using images with a high resolution.
Advantage: likely to produce a better quality image
Disadvantage: will require more storage space
- An image is 10 pixels high, 10 pixels wide and has a colour depth of 4 bits. What is the file size (in bits) of the image?
10 × 10 × 4 = 400 bits
Two colours only needs 1 bit colour depth, so a 4-bit image will need four times the storage it needs.
Questions
- An image is 10 pixels high, 10 pixels wide and has a colour depth of 4 bits. What is the file size (in bits) of the image?
10 × 10 × 4 = 400 bits
- An image with only two colours is saved as a 4-bit image. Explain why this is inefficient.
Two colours only needs 1 bit colour depth, so a 4-bit image will need four times the storage it needs.
1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
- Convert the image into binary where white is given the value '1' and black is given the value '0'.
3f Representing Images
- Understand what a pixel is and be able to describe how pixels relate to an image and the way images are displayed.
- Describe the following for bitmaps: image size; colour depth.
- Know that the size of a bitmap image is measured in pixels (width × height).
- Describe how a bitmap represents an image using pixels and colour depth.
- Describe using examples how the number of pixels and colour depth can affect the file size of a bitmap image.
- Calculate bitmap image file sizes based on the number of pixels and colour depth.
- Convert binary data into a bitmap image.
- Convert a bitmap image into binary data.
3f Representing Images
By David James
3f Representing Images
Computer Science - Fundamentals of Data Representation - Representing Images
- 422