Other courses you may take that drill down further into these steps:

get numEggs from user

ask user for destruct_seq

pwd = PROMPT for password

get ne from user 

number of chickens = SAY "How many chickens?"

Input is about getting info from the outside world "into" your algorithm. We will almost always store this info into variables (shown in yellow in these examples).

output "You have [numEggs] eggs. Eggcellent!"

display destruct_countdown

tell user their password is incorrect

print "Bad data. Bad." 

SAY "I owe you {number rocks} pointy rocks."

Output is about getting info from inside the algorithm "out" to the outside world.

set message = "Are you SURE that's a good idea?"

area = width * height

totalBill = subtotal + taxes + 18

numCartons = 0

no, not that kind

pwd = PROMPT for password

number of chickens = SAY "How many chickens?"

what does * mean here?

add first number to running total

if (truckWeight > 500) then
   output "The bridge collapses."
   money = money - 1000
else 
   money = money + 1000

if result is odd
   print "hmmm...that's odd...."

if (happy is true and happinessKnown is true)
   clap hands

if cost is 0
   print "Free is good."
else if cost > 0 and cost < 10
   print "That's a reasonable price."
otherwise
   print "{cost} is too rich for me."

while (num1 greater than num2)
   x = x + 1
   num1 = num1 - 1

do 16 times:
   print "Na"
print "Batman!"

until (cup is empty) do
   take sip
   if (sip was tasty) then
      say "mmmmmm"
output "all done"

if (age pizza < 2 weeks) AND (milk smells OK) then
   eat pizza
   drink milk

if (age pizza < 2 weeks) AND (milk smells OK) then        
   eat pizza
drink milk

"I'mma gonna spend my time writing code! Yay!"

This is wrong.

Really, really wrong.

One of the more common ratios tossed around is about 10 to 1, attributed to "Uncle Bob" Martin.

When you trace code, you carefully walk through the code line-by-line, pretending YOU are the computer. 

You typically track the values of any variables used in the code and also note what kind of outputs happen.

Here's the problem:

In some online games (say like MTG Arena), you buy some kind of in-game currency (say, gems) with "real-life" currency.

Write an algorithm that gets a number of dollars from a user, calculates how many gems they will get for that many dollars, and reports the number of gems to the user.

Assume 1 dollar can buy 3 gems.

Here's the problem:

Many kinds of board games have a scoring track, with each player having a marker used to track their score.

Let's say we have a track that starts at 0 and goes on...to infinity. We'll also assume that there are only 2 players for this particular game. Also, for this problem, assume that only one marker can be on a given space - if a player's marker would land on another, they can "skip" that space.
 

Write an algorithm that takes in the marker locations of the 2 players, a change in score for player 1, and then calculates the ending location of player 1's marker on the track.