Hack My Planet

Day 15: DHCP & DNS

Write out what the code specifically does line-by-line

For example:

Line 1: Define a function isPalindrome() that takes in a parameter named string

Line 2: blah blah blah

1  def isPalindrome(string):  
2      left_pos = 0  
3      right_pos = len(string) - 1  
4      
5      while right_pos >= left_pos:  
6          if string[left_pos] != string[right_pos]:  
7              return False  
8          left_pos += 1  
9          right_pos -= 1  
10     return True

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

• DHCP servers allocate IP addresses on the network and remembers who owns that address, and leases it to them for a limited time
  • Dynamic: constantly changing
  • Host: computer
  • Configuration: configuring your networking settings
  • Protocol: set of rules that define how to do things
• This can be advantageous compared to distributing static IP addresses because that can be time-consuming and inefficient

DHCP Server Setup

• One student's Pi will be the server
  • Having multiple on one network can cause complications
• Everyone gather around the server Pi during setup

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install dnsmasq

• Disconnect the bridge from school connection and plug in the Ethernet cable to the server Pi
• Need to configure the DHCP server software

cd /etc
sudo mv dnsmasq.conf dnsmasq.default
sudo nano dnsmasq.conf

DHCP Server Setup

interface=eth0
dhcp-range=10.4.4.100,10.4.4.254,255.255.255.0,12h

• The first line tells dnsmasq to listen for DHCP requests on the Ethernet port of the Pi
• The second line specifies the range of IP addresses the server can give out. The 12h at the end specifies the lease time
• Press 'Ctrl+X' to quit out of nano (Press 'y' to confirm saving, then 'Enter' to leave the filename as the default)
• Enter the following command to restart the dnsmasq service:

sudo service dnsmasq restart

• Server is now active and listening for requests from client hosts

DHCP Client Setup

• Configure your network interface file to get an IP address from a DHCP server
  • sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
  • change 'iface eth0 inet manual' to 'iface eth0 inet dhcp'

sudo service networking restart

ifconfig

Domain Name System

• DNS looks up the server IP addresses for the websites you want to connect to
  • Translates domain or host names (i.e. google.com) into IP addresses and vice versa
• DNS query
  • When you type a website address into your browser, your computer contacts a DNS server to obtain the corresponding IP address
  • The client then directly communicates with the server using the returned IP address

DNS Server Setup

• Edit the dnsmasq configuration file: sudo nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf
  • DNS doesn't have a broadcasting location system like DHCP so the clients need to be told the IP, and the hosts file for the lookup database for DNS queries must be specified.

dhcp-option=6,IP_ADDRESS
no-hosts
addn-hosts=/etc/hosts.dnsmasq

DNS Server Setup

• Create the lookup table for host names:

sudo nano /etc/hosts.dnsmasq

• The line you will be adding must follow a specific format: IP<tab>hostname
• Unplug all other Ethernet connections. Restart the dnsmasq service: sudo service dnsmasq restart
• To make the DHCP server work with its own DNS server:

sudo nano /etc/resolv.conf

The file should have the following one line only:

nameserver 127.0.0.1

sudo service networking restart

DNS Client Setup

• ifconfig to check if the IP address is obtained from the DHCP server
• ping serverpi to get a response from the IP address