Live Sesion 2:

Final Exam Review

Making sure we can:

• conjugate regular -AR, -ER and -IR verbs in the present tense (this slideshow);
• use the verb "gustar" correctly (separate slideshow--we will do if we have time).

Grammar Section A--Present-tense conjugations of -AR, -ER and -IR verbs

 

Step-by-step review of how to conjugate regular -AR verbs in the present tense.

Let's imagine you were working with this exam question:

 

Ustedes _________(tomar) muchas clases este semestre.

To create the correct form, do this:

 

1. Start by deriving the stem by removing the -AR ending. 

• We take the "ar" off of "tomar"
   
• Our stem is "tom".

 

Step-by-step review of how to conjugate regular -AR verbs in the present tense (con't)

 

Ustedes _________(tomar) muchas clases este semestre.

 

2. Now, look to the left of the blank to find the subject of the verb. 

• We see "ustedes", a 3rd-person-plural subject pronoun.
   
• We add the 3rd-person-plural ending, which is "AN" to the stem (tom).
   
• This gives us "toman", the correct conjugation.
   
• We write "toman" in the blank.

Conjugation procedures for present tense of regular -AR verbs:

• If the subject is "yo", the form is--->[stem] + "o"
   
• If the subject is "tú", the form is---->[stem] + "as"
   
• If the subject is "él", "ella", "usted" or any singular noun, the form is--->[stem] + "a"
   
• If the subject is "nosotros", "nosotras" or any person plus "y yo", the form is--->[stem] + "amos"
   
• If the subject is "ellos", "ellas", "ustedes", any other plural noun or any series of singular nouns joined by a "y", the form is--->[stem] + "an"
  
  Let's practice this via the Repaso exercise from Estructura 2.1 in another textbook I use.

Present-tense conjugations of -ER and -IR verbs

 

Step-by-step review of how to conjugate regular -ER and -IR verbs in the present tense.

Let's imagine you were working with this exam question:

 

Mi madre _________(leer) muchos libros.

 

1. Start by deriving the stem by removing the -ER ending. 

• We take the "er" off of "leer"
   
• Our stem is "le".

 

Step-by-step review of how to conjugate regular -ER and -IR verbs in the present tense (con't)

 

Mi madre _________(leer) muchos libros.

 

2. Now, look to the left of the blank to find the subject of the verb. 

• We see "madre", a singular noun.
   
• We add the 3rd-person-singular ending, which is "E" to the stem (le).
   
• This gives us "lee" (yes, with two Es!!), the correct conjugation.
   
• We write "lee" in the blank.

Conjugation procedures for present tense of regular -ER/IR verbs:

• If the subject is "yo", the form is--->[stem] + "o"
  
  
• If the subject is "tú", the form is---->[stem] + "es"
  
  
• If the subject is "él", "ella", "usted" or any singular noun, the form is--->[stem] + "e"
  
  
• If the subject is "nosotros", "nosotras" or any person plus "y yo", the form is--->[stem] + "emos" (for ER verbs) or +"imos" (for IR verbs)
  
  
• If the subject is "ellos", "ellas", "ustedes", any other plural noun or any series of singular nouns joined by a "y", the form is--->[stem] + "en"
  Let's practice this via the Completar exercise from Estructura 3.3 in another textbook I use.