Bootstrap 4

An introduction to the new version

Introduction

What is Bootstrap?

  • An HTML, CSS, Javascript framework, in other words, a Front-end Framework
     
  • Can be used as a basis for web sites and applications
     
  • Created by developers at Twitter

Why should you use it?

  • Rapid development
  • Easy to get started
  • Great responsive grid system
  • Base styling for HTML elements
  • Extensive reusable list of components
  • Bundled JavaScript plugins
  • Cross-browser compatible

Websites build with Bootstrap

How to start?

Ways to install Bootstrap

  • Download Bootstrap of their website
    • Compiled
    • Source files
       
  • Package managers Bower, NPM, Composer etc
     
  • Custom builds
     
  • Bootstrap Content Delivery Network (CDN)

Introduction to
its layout

Overview

  • Container
     
  • Grid system
     
  • Flexbox grid
     
  • Media object
     
  • Responsive utilities

Container

  • Most basic layout element in Bootstrap
  • Required when using the Grid system
  • Can be nested but usually not required
     
  • You can choose from:
    • responsive
    • fixed-width
      • changes at each breaking point
    • fluid-width
      • 100% width all the time

Grid system

  • Based on a 12 column layout and has multiple tiers, one for each media query range
     
  • Has 3 major components:
    • containers
    • rows
    • columns
       
  • Can use predefined grid classes or Sass mixins

Flexbox grid

  • Includes support for Bootstrap's default grid
     
  • Columns without a set width will automatically layout with equal widths
     
  • Columns have more alignment options available, incl. vertical alignment
     
  • Not supported in IE9

Media object

  • Is an abstract element used as the basis for building more complex and repetitive components
     
  • When flexbox mode is enabled, the media object will use flex styles wherever possible
     
  • Media content can be:
    • nested
    • floated to the left or right of a content block
    • verticale aligned, default is top
    • used inside a list

Responsive utilities

  • Used for showing and hiding content by device via media query
     
  • Types of classes:
    • Regular
    • Print
      • used for toggling content for print
    • Test
      • Resize your browser or load on different devices

Grid system

Example

<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-sm-4">
            One of three columns
        </div>
        <div class="col-sm-4">
            One of three columns
        </div>
        <div class="col-sm-4">
            One of three columns
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

Containers

  • Centers your site's content
     
  • Helps to align your grid content
     
  • To provide the width constraints on responsive widths
     
  • To provide padding so the content doesn’t touch the edge of the browser

Rows

  • Are always placed inside a container otherwise it won't work
     
  • Horizontal groups of columns that ensure your columns are lined up properly
     
  • Can contain 1 to 12 columns per row

Columns

  • Are immediate children of rows
     
  • Contain your content
     
  • To set the width you assign a class to each column
     
  • The padding on the column pushes anything inside the column

Example desktop

<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-1">col-md-1</div>
    <div class="col-md-1">col-md-1</div>
    <div class="col-md-1">col-md-1</div>
    <div class="col-md-1">col-md-1</div>
    <div class="col-md-1">col-md-1</div>
    <div class="col-md-1">col-md-1</div>
    <div class="col-md-1">col-md-1</div>
    <div class="col-md-1">col-md-1</div>
    <div class="col-md-1">col-md-1</div>
    <div class="col-md-1">col-md-1</div>
    <div class="col-md-1">col-md-1</div>
    <div class="col-md-1">col-md-1</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-8">col-md-8</div>
    <div class="col-md-4">col-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-4">col-md-4</div>
    <div class="col-md-4">col-md-4</div>
    <div class="col-md-4">col-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
    <div class="col-md-6">col-md-6</div>
    <div class="col-md-6">col-md-6</div>
</div>

Example mobile & desktop

<!-- Stack the columns on mobile by making one full-width and the other half-width -->
<div class="row">
    <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-8">.col-xs-12 .col-md-8</div>
    <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
</div>

<!-- Columns start at 50% wide on mobile and bump up to 33.3% wide on desktop -->
<div class="row">
    <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
    <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
    <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
</div>

<!-- Columns are always 50% wide, on mobile and desktop -->
<div class="row">
    <div class="col-xs-6">.col-xs-6</div>
    <div class="col-xs-6">.col-xs-6</div>
</div>

Example mobile, tablet & desktop

<div class="row">
    <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-8">.col-xs-12 .col-sm-6 .col-md-8</div>
    <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
    <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4</div>
    <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4</div>
    <!-- Optional: clear the XS cols if their content doesn't match in height -->
    <div class="clearfix hidden-sm-up"></div>
    <div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4</div>
</div>

Flexbox grid

Differences to default grid system

  • Flexbox grid columns without a set width will automatically layout with equal widths
    • For example, four columns will each automatically be 25% wide 
       
  • Flexbox grid columns have significantly more alignment options available, including vertical alignment.
    • Unlike the default grid system where a grid column starts as full-width in the xs tier, flexbox requires a .col-{breakpoint} class for each tier.

Auto-layout columns

  • Can apply to every device and viewport possible
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-xs">
            1 of 2
        </div>
        <div class="col-xs">
            1 of 2
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-xs">
            1 of 3
        </div>
        <div class="col-xs">
            1 of 3
        </div>
        <div class="col-xs">
            1 of 3
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

Responsive flexbox

  • If you have a .col-sm-6 and don’t add .col-xs-12, your xs grid will not render correctly.
<div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6">
            1 of 2 (stacked on mobile)
        </div>
        <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6">
            1 of 2 (stacked on mobile)
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

Vertical alignment

<div class="container">
    <div class="row flex-items-xs-top">
        <div class="col-xs">
            One of three columns
        </div>
        <div class="col-xs">
            One of three columns
        </div>
        <div class="col-xs">
            One of three columns
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row flex-items-xs-middle">
        <div class="col-xs">
            One of three columns
        </div>
        <div class="col-xs">
            One of three columns
        </div>
        <div class="col-xs">
            One of three columns
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="row flex-items-xs-bottom">
        <div class="col-xs">
            One of three columns
        </div>
        <div class="col-xs">
            One of three columns
        </div>
        <div class="col-xs">
            One of three columns
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

Horizontal alignment

<div class="container">
  <div class="row flex-items-xs-left">
    <div class="col-xs-4">
      One of two columns
    </div>
    <div class="col-xs-4">
      One of two columns
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row flex-items-xs-center">
    <div class="col-xs-4">
      One of two columns
    </div>
    <div class="col-xs-4">
      One of two columns
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row flex-items-xs-right">
    <div class="col-xs-4">
      One of two columns
    </div>
    <div class="col-xs-4">
      One of two columns
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row flex-items-xs-around">
    <div class="col-xs-4">
      One of two columns
    </div>
    <div class="col-xs-4">
      One of two columns
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row flex-items-xs-between">
    <div class="col-xs-4">
      One of two columns
    </div>
    <div class="col-xs-4">
      One of two columns
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Bootstrap 4

By Kim Massaro

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Bootstrap 4

An introduction to the newest version

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