cementaries
in China, Korea, and Sweden
- with Ming Tombs as a center
CHINA
Chinese Cemeteries and Ming Tomb
Background of
Chinese Cemeteries
- Bodies should be buried under the ground
- Imperial cemeteries always build high artificial hills or just use natural mountain as tombs
- With the alternation of dynasties , Imperial cemeteries force on building palace is on the ground
- Imperial cemeteries’ layout always based on FengShui and YinYang
Reasons
-
Influenced by Daoism,people in ancient thought they began from nature so after they dead they should back to the nature
- They though death is not the end of life. There is another world after they died. So they built beautiful palaces and brought treasures with them to ensure they can enjoy their luxurious lifestyle in another world
- Another reason is that they wanted descendants to know their great jobs
Ming Tomb
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/355913/images/1587840/13.jpg)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/355913/images/1587857/ffb3f839efdb4e40416bf4ea11243d18.jpg)
OVERGROUND PALACE OF CHANG LING (長陵)
Changling is the tomb of the 3rd Ming Emperor Yongle's tomb. It is the head tomb of the thirteen Ming Tombs and the largest tomb of them all, and it is also the best-preserved one in this tomb area.
UNDERGROUND PALACE OF DING LING (定陵)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/355913/images/1587866/13_.jpg)
Text
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Dingling is the tomb of Emperor Zhu Yijun, whose reign title is Wan Li, the 13th Emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
Understand Palace of Dingling is the only one of the thirteen Ming Tombs excavated so far.
KOREA
Korea Dolmen, Joseon Tombs, and Jongmyo shrine
한국의 고인돌, 조선왕릉, 종묘
DoLmen of korea
1100-300 BC
Ganghwa Dolmen
Gochang Dolmen Site
A dolmen is a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb, usually consisting of two or more upright stones, supporting a large flat horizontal capstone (table).
How to make dolmen
Step 1.
Step 2.
Step 3.
Step 4.
Joseon dynasty tombs
1392 - 1897 AD
The tomb of first King(Taejo) of Joseon Dynasty (= Keon-Won Reung)
The tomb of 4th King(Sejong) of Joseon Dynasty
COMMON GROUNDs(1/2)
1. "Yang Place" was for living humans and "Yin Place" was for death people.
Yin Place and Yang Place is determined by Feng Shui.
Yin and Yang
Feng Shui
COMMON GROUNDs(2/2)
2. Royal tombs must be placed sunny spot where plants grow well. And the governments of Joseon and Ming planted some pine trees around tombs and prohibited felling.
Ming Tombs
The tomb of 24th King in Joseon Dynasty
Pine Tree
differences(1/3)
1. "Ming tombs" are completely covered by mountain before opening like an underground palace. So at that time, They didn't look like tombs. But Josheon tombs were placed with back to the mountain and facing the water. Josheon tombs look like tombs.
Ming tombs
The tomb of 24th King in Joseon Dynasty
differences(2/3)
2. In Korea, We combined Feng Shui with traditional customs which is worshiping holy mountain. Thus we placed ‘’San-Seok(a stone, altar)’’ to have a religious ritual for the mountain spirit.
San-Seok
San-Shin Ritual
differences(3/3)
3. Joseon tombs have the stone for worship and memorial service for the dead Kings.("Neung-Chim") And even today, they also do memorial service every year.
Keon-Won Reung Ritual (a kind of Neung-Chim)
jONGMYO SHRINE(1/2)
Jongmyo is a Confucian shrine dedicated to the perpetuation of memorial services for the deceased kings and queens of the Korean Joseon Dynasty.
Jongmyo Shrine
jONGMYO SHRINE(2/2)
Ritual ceremonies linking music, song and dance still take place there, perpetuating a tradition that goes back to the 14th century.
Dance
Music
SWEDEN
skogskyrkogården
The woodland cementary
Christianization of Sweden
800-1000 AD
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/355044/images/1580920/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/355044/images/1580775/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
pre christian stone ship (1100-500 BC)
cementary next to tumulus
Summer Hymn
melody 1675 / lyrics 1889
The rich dress of fresh green has decorated the valley and the hills.
The wind delights the flourishing fields.
And the sun's rays, and a whisper the in the grove, and the waving willows
announce the coming of summer.
-
But you, our god, make our place
so beautiful in the summer hours.
Flesh perishes, the flowers die,
The temporal passes,
but the word of the lord remains.
Landscape
Woodland cementary (1917-1940)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/355044/images/1580802/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/355044/images/1580815/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
woodland cementary, sweden
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/355044/images/1581324/Cemetery_at_Omaha_Beach_Normandy_France_1951-999x781.jpg)
normandy, france
Architectue
Woodland cementary (1917-1940)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/355044/images/1580802/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/355044/images/1580804/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/355044/images/1580808/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/355044/images/1580821/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
cultural significance
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/355044/images/1580802/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/355044/images/1580804/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/media-p.slid.es/uploads/355044/images/1580812/pasted-from-clipboard.png)
to exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design;
to be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history;
Similarities
Burial gifts
Differences
To cremate or not
Is death eternal?
Thank you
Questions?
Cementaries Presentation
By Lina NaKyung Lee
Cementaries Presentation
chinese culture and society singapore july 2015
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