Programming Language

(Meta Information)

1. Data Types

2. Code

Data Types

Classification

• Core Data Types / Builtin Data Types

• User Data Types / Abstract Data Types

Core Data Types

Float

Complex storing structure

Refer: Decimal to IEEE 754 Floating Point Representation

Abstract Data Types

• Array - Sequential Storage of same data type. Individual values accessed using Index

• Tuple - like Array, values accessed using Index. Sequential Storage of different data type

• Structure - like Tuple, but values are accessed using key i.e. Property Name instead of Index

• Union - Defined same as Structure, but can store only a single value of all properties defined

• Class - Same as Structure by memory initializing deferred and implicit and not explicit like Structure

• Enum - Same as Char, where Code Table is defined by Developer

Code

• Operators
• Statements
• Functions

Operators

• Assignment : =, +=, -=, *=
• Comparision: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
• Logical: AND, OR, NOT
• Maths: +, -, *, /, %
• Bit: Bitwise AND/OR, ShiftRight, ShiftLeft
• Unary: ++, --, NOT
• Ternary: condition ? ifTrue : ifFalse

Statements

Conditional Statements

• if
• if Else
• if ElseIf 
• Switch
• Match

Loops

• for (finite number of iterations)
• for (number of items in iterator/array)
• while ( condition is true)
• do while (once, and then while condition is true)

Functions

Components of Function

1. Input Parameters
2. Output value(s)
3. Context of Execution

Types of Function

• SubRoutines / Procedure - has no return values
• Function - with single return value
• Function - with multiple return values - return and out parameters
• Function - with return values and ref values as parameters
• Function - with Function as a parameter

Class

• Class defines template of the Object to be created

• Inheritance is basically extending templates, by basing new template (Class) on existing template (Class)

• Class Combines Data and Function in one Unit.

• The constructor of a Class - which is Function executes as Constructor

• Functions of Class execute as Methods

• Through reflection, we can execute Functions of a Class on another Object