Testowanie oparte na właściwościach

Magda Stożek

BigDecimal calculateDiscount(Customer customer, LocalDate now);

Przykład: Liczenie zniżki

Staż:

0-1

1-2

2 +

0%

30%

10%

20%

urodziny

class Customer {
    private final String name;
    private final LocalDate joinedAt;
    private final LocalDate dateOfBirth;
// (...)
}
@Test
void shouldCalculate10percentDiscount() {
    LocalDate now = LocalDate.of(2019, 9, 15);
    LocalDate dateOfBirth = LocalDate.of(1980, 1, 20);
    Customer customer = new Customer("Sue Smith", now.minusYears(1), dateOfBirth);

    BigDecimal discount = calculator.calculateDiscount(customer, now);

    Assertions.assertThat(discount).isEqualTo(new BigDecimal("0.1"));
}

@Test
void shouldCalculate20percentDiscount() {
    LocalDate now = LocalDate.of(2019, 9, 15);
    LocalDate dateOfBirth = LocalDate.of(1980, 1, 20);
    Customer customer = new Customer("Sue Smith", now.minusYears(2), dateOfBirth);

    BigDecimal discount = calculator.calculateDiscount(customer, now);

    Assertions.assertThat(discount).isEqualTo(new BigDecimal("0.2"));
}

Testy oparte na przykładach

@Test
void shouldCalculateBirthdayDiscount() {
    Customer customer = new Customer("Sue Smith", NOW, NOW.withYear(1980));

    BigDecimal discount = calculator.calculateDiscount(customer, NOW);

    Assertions.assertThat(discount).isEqualTo(new BigDecimal("0.3"));
}
@Test
void shouldCalculateNoDiscount() {
    Customer customer = new Customer("Sue Smith", NOW, LocalDate.of(1980, 1, 20));

    BigDecimal discount = calculator.calculateDiscount(customer, NOW);

    Assertions.assertThat(discount).isEqualTo(new BigDecimal("0"));
}

@Test
void shouldCalculate20percentDiscountFor3Years() {
    LocalDate now = LocalDate.of(2019, 9, 15);
    LocalDate dateOfBirth = LocalDate.of(1980, 1, 20);
    Customer customer = new Customer("Sue Smith", now.minusYears(3), dateOfBirth);

    BigDecimal discount = calculator.calculateDiscount(customer, now);

    Assertions.assertThat(discount).isEqualTo(new BigDecimal("0.2"));
}

A w języku właściwości?

BigDecimal calculateDiscount(Customer customer, LocalDate now);

Przykład: Liczenie zniżki

Staż:

0-1

1-2

2 +

0%

30%

10%

20%

urodziny

class Customer {
    private final String name;
    private final LocalDate joinedAt;
    private final LocalDate dateOfBirth;
// (...)
}

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Co dla Javy?

@Property
boolean discountShouldNotBeOver30percent(@ForAll("validCustomer") Customer customer, @ForAll("futureDate") LocalDate now) {

    BigDecimal discount = calculator.calculateDiscount(customer, now);
    return discount.compareTo(new BigDecimal("0.3")) <= 0;
}

Właściwość: zniżka nigdy nie przekracza 30%

                              |-------------------jqwik-------------------
tries = 374                   | # of calls to property
checks = 374                  | # of not rejected calls
generation-mode = RANDOMIZED  | parameters are randomly generated
after-failure = PREVIOUS_SEED | use the previous seed
seed = -272292185905571017    | random seed to reproduce generated values
sample = 
[Customer{name='AAA', joinedAt=2010-01-01, dateOfBirth=1980-02-29}, 2019-10-06]
original-sample = 
[Customer{name='DtQDpPfEx', joinedAt=2010-04-21, dateOfBirth=1980-02-29}, 2185-03-17]

Wykryty błąd

Generatory

@ForAll String sentence

@ForAll @StringLength(min = 3, max = 100) String sentence

@ForAll @AlphaChars @NumericChars @Chars({',', '.', ':', ';', '-'}) @Whitespace String sentence

Tekstowe

@ForAll Integer number

@ForAll @Positive Integer number

@ForAll @BigRange(min = "1", max = "99.99") @Scale(2) BigDecimal price

Liczbowe

@ForAll List<@Alpha String> words

@ForAll @Size(10) Set<@Negative Integer> numbers

Kolekcje

@ForAll Optional<String> middleName

@ForAll @WithNull String middleName

Optional

@Property
boolean myProperty(@ForAll("shortStrings") String string, @ForAll("10 to 99") int number) {
    String concatenated = string + number;
    return concatenated.length() > 2 && concatenated.length() < 11;
}

@Provide
Arbitrary<String> shortStrings() {
    return Arbitraries.strings().withCharRange('a', 'z').filter('q')
        .ofMinLength(1).ofMaxLength(8);
}

@Provide("10 to 99")
Arbitrary<Integer> numbers() {
    return Arbitraries.integers().between(10, 99);
}

Własne generatory

@Property
boolean discountShouldNotBeOver30percent(@ForAll("validCustomer") Customer customer) {
    BigDecimal discount = calculator.calculateDiscount(customer);
    return discount.compareTo(new BigDecimal("0.3")) <= 0;
}

@Provide
Arbitrary<Customer> validCustomer() {
    Arbitrary<String> names = Arbitraries.strings().alpha().ofMinLength(3).ofMaxLength(21);
    Arbitrary<LocalDate> joined = datesGen(BUSINESS_START, LocalDate.now());
    Arbitrary<LocalDate> born = datesGen(MIN_DOB, LocalDate.now().minusYears(18));
    return Combinators.combine(names, joined, born).as(Customer::new);
}

Arbitrary<LocalDate> datesGen(LocalDate minDate, LocalDate maxDate) {
    long range = DAYS.between(minDate, maxDate);
    return Arbitraries.longs().between(0, range).map(n -> minDate.plus(n, DAYS));
}

Składanie generatorów

@Property
boolean discountShouldBeProportionalToMembershipYears(@ForAll Customer older, @ForAll Customer newer) {
    Assume.that(isNotBirthday(older, now));
    Assume.that(isNotBirthday(newer, now));
    Assume.that(older.getJoinedAt().isBefore(newer.getJoinedAt()));

    BigDecimal discountForOlderCustomer = calculator.calculateDiscount(older);
    BigDecimal discountForNewerCustomer = calculator.calculateDiscount(newer);
    return discountForOlderCustomer.compareTo(discountForNewerCustomer) >= 0;
}

Zawężenia

class MyCustomerArbitraryProvider implements ArbitraryProvider {
    @Override
    public boolean canProvideFor(TypeUsage targetType) { (...) }
    
    @Override
    public Set<Arbitrary<?>> provideFor(TypeUsage targetType, SubtypeProvider subtypeProvider) { (...) }
}

Domyślne generatory

META-INF/services/net.jqwik.api.providers.ArbitraryProvider:

pbt.MyCustomerArbitraryProvider
@ForAll("validCustomer") Customer customer
@ForAll Customer customer
@Property
void shouldCalculateDiscount(@ForAll("membershipYears") Short years) {
    BigDecimal discount = calculator.prepareDiscount(years);
    //(...)
}

@Provide
Arbitrary<Short> membershipYears() {
    return Arbitraries.frequency(
        Tuple.of(30, 0),
        Tuple.of(60, 1),
        Tuple.of(7, 2),
        Tuple.of(3, 3)
    );
}

Częstotliwości

Wyzwania

Trudne pytania wcześniej

Wyzwanie #1

Wymyślanie właściwości

Wyzwanie #2

Wyrocznia

(Oracle)

Alternatywne sformułowanie

(Alternate wording)

Niezmienniki

(Invariants)

Symetria

(Symmetry)

Niedeterminizm

Wyzwanie #3

Dokumentowanie

Wyzwanie #4

Strategie

  • najpierw przykłady, potem właściwości
  • właściwości dla kluczowych elementów

Podsumowanie

  • większy koszt, większa korzyść
  • przypadki brzegowe i luki w rozumowaniu
  • wymyślanie właściwości
  • proporcje

Więcej

Pytania?

@Property
boolean endOfPresentation(@ForAll Attendee attendee) {
    Assume.that(attendee.hasQuestions());

    return attendee.questionsAsked > 0;
}

Testowanie oparte na właściwościach [Java, 45 min]

By Magda Stożek

Testowanie oparte na właściwościach [Java, 45 min]

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