Role of Genes and Hormones in Gender Development

  • Summary

Genes

Hormones

Keywords: 23 chromosomes, XX & XY, embryonic development

Keywords: External & Internal Genitalia, Brain, Testosterone, Prenatal, Masculinise, Social Skills, Navigation 

...

AIS (Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome)

Keywords: Overexposure, Internal & External Genitalia

  • Case studies and small samples mainly
  • Population validity/generalisability issues 
  • Further research with different methodologies

- FLAWED METHODOLOGIES -

  • Money and Ehrdhart (1972) 
  • Money theorised biological sex is not important in gender development
  • David Reimer - Botched Circumcision - No Penis - Gender Reassigned - Given Female Hormones to Grow Breasts - Extremely Depressed
  • Supports the theory because it shows that biological sex plays a role in gender development
  • Higher Reliability
  • HOWEVER!!! Cannot be repeated because extreme ethical issues

+ SUPPORTING RESEARCH +

  • Quadagno et al. (1977)
  • Female monkeys prenatally exposed to testosterone engaged in much more rough and tumble play than other female monkeys
  • Supports because it shows that prenatal exposure to the brain can lead to the the brain becoming more masculinised
  • Also supports because it shows the link between hormones and gender development
  • Higher reliability
  • HOWEVER!!! Generalise to a certain extent because massive differences to humans

+ SUPPORTING EVIDENCE +

  • IOC (International Olympics Committee) now recognises that biological sex does not determine your gender (e.g. those with AIS)
  • Led them to remove the rule that your sex determines entry to games
  • Pro-social consequences 

+ PRACTICAL APPLICATION +

Roles of Genes and Hormones in Gender Development

By Manh

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Roles of Genes and Hormones in Gender Development

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