Monitoring
From training load to performance monitoring
INSEP | 27.03.2019
UE7 - Accompagnement scientifique à la Performance
Mathieu Lacome | @mathlacome
Take home message
External vs Internal load
Monitoring load vs response to load
When / Why to monitor - context!
Quantifying external load with GPS
Level 1 variables
Problem: Team sports are not played at constant velocity
level 2 variables
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Velocity-change related
Accelerations, Decelerations, CODs
* Accelerations are not provided by the accelerometers
MechW
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Velocity-change load
Tight work analysis
ForceH = Masse * Acc H
MechW = ForceH only when
Acc/DecH > 2 m.s-2
Force Load
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Foot-strike analysis.
Accelerometer-based metric
Force Load = Mass x Acc Z
small comment on PlayerLoad vs Accel Rate ?
Monitoring external load in the gym
Repetition volume
no: of sets x no. of reps
Absolute volume load
no: of sets x no. of reps. x weight lifted (kg)
Volume load relative to 1RM
no. of sets x no. of reps x % 1RM
Volume load relative to specific RM
no:of sets x no. of reps x % RM for RR used
Quantifying internal load
SRPE
see - Foster et al. (1995) | borg et al (1982).
SRPE = session duration * rpe
Heart rate
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Good internal load marker for prolonged & sub-maximal exercises
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HR alone do not inform on intensity above VO2max
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Delayed-onset (aka HR-lag phenomenon) - problems with short intervals
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HR inertia during recovery
Blood lactate
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marker of anaerobic system contribution
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monitored during progressive exercise testing
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DURING intense exercise, more challenging to draw conclusions
Blood lactate
Take home message - part 1
Why monitoring training load is important - some case studies
Lacome et al. (2019)
planning the training
"SSGs are not a one size fits all training weapon when it comes to players loading. Planning position-specific unloading strategies or top-up exercises are likely required to equilibrate players loading relative to game demands when using SSGs".
Lacome et al. (2018)
R2
Strength
Endurance
Speed
Rc
Off
Game
planning the training
Lacome et al. (2018)
“ Planning position-specific unloading strategies or top-up exercises are likely required to equilibrate players loading relative to game demands when using SSGs.”
planning the training
“Principe of progressive overload”
INTENSITY
"the rehab case studY"
VOLUME
“Using players as a FLOATER is a simple means to decrease MechW load during SSGs, while preserving the specificity of team dynamics”
GS: Game simulation: w/ goal keepers
PO: Possession: wo/ goal keepers
Monitoring responses to load
wellbeing questionnaire
McLean et al. 2010
neuromuscular performance
jump testing
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Jump height is not sensible enought!
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use average of multiple jumps
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unload jumps are more sensitivy
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look for variation in eccentric displacement, mean power, peak velocity.
(read C.L. TAYLOR PHD !)
HRex is a promising tool to monitor positive aerobic-oriented training adaptations (Buchheitetal.,2012), with a greater ability to predict changes within the first months of a training program (Scharhag- Rosenbergeretal.,2009)
Heart rate variability
beyond the scope of this course - see buchheit 2014
Text
Buchheit (2014)
Heart rate variability
creatine kinase (ck)
good marker of muscular degradations
creatine kinase (ck)
creatine kinase (ck)
Daily readiness - within-player comparisons
Differences in:
- session content (e.g. coach added an extra finishing drill to the usual D-1 session)
- context (i.e. playing a Champions League game vs playing the bottom team in the league the next day)
Larger effect on players’ locomotor activity than changes in their fitness status per se
between-players comparisons
- Less sensitive to changes in session content
- Can be used after an international break
between-players comparisons
Issues
- Small group training (top-up, indiv. session) - variability +++
- Rehabilitation - player alone, no comparison possible
side note - acute-chronic workload
* not response to load
International breaks
- Top clubs: 60-75% of players concerned
- Few data shared between clubs & federations
- Need for 21 to 28 days back from break
side note - acute-chronic workload
Type 1 error
« False positives»
High ratio but player is not injured
side note - acute-chronic workload
"We demonstrate that causal conclusions about the ACWR-injury relationship are prone to confounding from schedule."
side note - acute-chronic workload
using internal:external load ratios
Toward an invisible monitoring for team sports ?
Sub-maximal runs
be careful with the effect of the temperature on heart rate
other exemples
RPE:m/min (Buchheit et al. 2015)
TD:iTRIMP (Akubat et al. 2017)
Figure 2 — Importance of load variable to artificial neural-network model by each individual player. Abbreviation: HSR, high-speed running.
Total distance (TD, m)
High-speed distance (>14.4 km.h-1, m)
Very-high speed distance (>19.8 km.h-1, m)
Velocity load (vL, a.u)
Force load (fL, a.u)
Mechanical work (MechW, a.u)
Heart rate (bpm)
Multiple stepwise bidirectional regression for each player
using internal-to-external load ratios - hrPRED
using internal-to-external load ratios - hrPRED
using internal-to-external load ratios - hrPRED
using internal-to-external load ratios - hrPRED
using internal-to-external load ratios - hrPRED
Possibility for new variables
using accelerometers to get further insights
A virer + loin
Force Load
With a standardised drill - used with velocity load (or TD.min-1)
Neuromuscular efficiency ("freshness")
https://public.tableau.com/profile/mathlacome#!/vizhome/Disbalances-Analysis/Tableaudebord1
- fL can be compared between right and left legs during any locomotive actions
- use and potential weaknesses of different muscle groups
Force Load
Contact time & flight time
Contact time & flight time
K - Vertical stiffness
Vertical stiffness (K) is substancially decreased with neuromuscular fatigue
Every test can be used as a monitoring tool if
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it is valide
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it is reliable / usefull
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serve your context
Every test can be used as a monitoring tool
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F.V profile during sprints (marrier et al. 2018)
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5-s sprints on wattbike (
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Kicking test (Batra et al.)
some exemples of application
context is the key!
https://hiitscience.com/hiit-course?afmc=31
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