Monitoring

From training load to performance monitoring

INSEP | 27.03.2019

UE7 - Accompagnement scientifique à la Performance

Mathieu Lacome | @mathlacome

Take home message

External vs Internal load

Monitoring load vs response to load

When / Why to monitor - context!

Quantifying external load with GPS

Level 1 variables

Problem: Team sports are not played at constant velocity

level 2 variables

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Velocity-change related

Accelerations, Decelerations, CODs

 

* Accelerations are not provided by the accelerometers

MechW

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Velocity-change load

Tight work analysis

 

ForceH = Masse * Acc H

MechW = ForceH only when

Acc/DecH > 2 m.s-2

Force Load

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Foot-strike analysis.

 

Accelerometer-based metric

 

Force Load = Mass x Acc Z

small comment on PlayerLoad vs Accel Rate ?

Monitoring external load in the gym

Repetition volume
no: of sets x no. of reps

Absolute volume load
no: of sets x no. of reps. x weight lifted (kg)

Volume load relative to 1RM
no. of sets x no. of reps x % 1RM

Volume load relative to specific RM
no:of sets x no. of reps x % RM for RR used

Quantifying internal load

SRPE

see - Foster et al. (1995) | borg et al (1982).

SRPE = session duration * rpe

Heart rate

  • Good internal load marker for prolonged & sub-maximal exercises

  • HR alone do not inform on intensity above VO2max

  • Delayed-onset (aka HR-lag phenomenon) - problems with short intervals

  • HR inertia during recovery

Blood lactate

  • marker of anaerobic system contribution

  • monitored during progressive exercise testing

  • DURING intense exercise, more challenging to draw conclusions

Blood lactate

Take home message - part 1

Why monitoring training load is important - some case studies

Lacome et al. (2019)

planning the training

"SSGs are not a one size fits all training weapon when it comes to players loading. Planning position-specific unloading strategies or top-up exercises are likely required to equilibrate players loading relative to game demands when using SSGs".

Lacome et al. (2018)

R2

Strength

Endurance

Speed

Rc

Off

Game

planning the training

Lacome et al. (2018)

Planning position-specific unloading strategies or top-up exercises are likely required to equilibrate players loading relative to game demands when using SSGs.”

planning the training

“Principe of progressive overload”

INTENSITY

"the rehab case studY"

VOLUME

“Using players as a FLOATER is a simple means to decrease MechW load during SSGs, while preserving the specificity of team dynamics

GS: Game simulation: w/ goal keepers

PO: Possession: wo/ goal keepers

Monitoring responses to load

wellbeing questionnaire

McLean et al. 2010

neuromuscular performance

jump testing

  • Jump height is not sensible enought!

  • use average of multiple jumps

  • unload jumps are more sensitivy

  • look for variation in eccentric displacement, mean power, peak velocity.

(read C.L. TAYLOR PHD !)

HRex is a promising tool to monitor positive aerobic-oriented training adaptations (Buchheitetal.,2012), with a greater ability to predict changes within the first months of a training program (Scharhag- Rosenbergeretal.,2009)

Heart rate variability

beyond the scope of this course - see buchheit 2014

Text

Buchheit (2014)

Heart rate variability

creatine kinase (ck)

good marker of muscular degradations

creatine kinase (ck)

creatine kinase (ck)

Daily readiness - within-player comparisons

Differences in: 

  • session content (e.g. coach added an extra finishing drill to the usual D-1 session)
  • context (i.e. playing a Champions League game vs playing the bottom team in the league the next day)

Larger effect on players’ locomotor activity than changes in their fitness status per se

between-players comparisons

  • Less sensitive to changes in session content
  • Can be used after an international break

between-players comparisons

Issues

  • Small group training (top-up, indiv. session) - variability +++
  • Rehabilitation - player alone, no comparison possible

side note - acute-chronic workload

* not response to load 

International breaks

  1. Top clubs: 60-75% of players concerned
  2. Few data shared between clubs & federations
  3. Need for 21 to 28 days back from break

side note - acute-chronic workload

Type 1 error

« False positives»

 

High ratio but player is not injured

side note - acute-chronic workload

 "We demonstrate that causal conclusions about the ACWR-injury relationship are prone to confounding from schedule."

side note - acute-chronic workload

using internal:external load ratios

Toward an invisible monitoring for team sports ?

Sub-maximal runs

be careful with the effect of the temperature on heart rate

other exemples

RPE:m/min (Buchheit et al. 2015)

TD:iTRIMP (Akubat et al. 2017)

Figure 2 — Importance of load variable to artificial neural-network model by each individual player. Abbreviation: HSR, high-speed running.

Total distance (TD, m)

High-speed distance (>14.4 km.h-1, m)

Very-high speed distance (>19.8 km.h-1, m)

Velocity load (vL, a.u)

Force load (fL, a.u)

Mechanical work (MechW, a.u)

Heart rate (bpm)

Multiple stepwise bidirectional regression for each player

using internal-to-external load ratios - hrPRED

using internal-to-external load ratios - hrPRED

using internal-to-external load ratios - hrPRED

using internal-to-external load ratios - hrPRED

using internal-to-external load ratios - hrPRED

Possibility for new variables

using accelerometers to get further insights

A virer + loin

Force Load

With a standardised drill - used with velocity load (or TD.min-1)

Neuromuscular efficiency ("freshness")

https://public.tableau.com/profile/mathlacome#!/vizhome/Disbalances-Analysis/Tableaudebord1

  • fL can be compared between right and left legs during any locomotive actions
  • use and potential weaknesses of different muscle groups

 

Force Load

Contact time & flight time

Contact time & flight time

K - Vertical stiffness

Vertical stiffness (K) is substancially decreased with neuromuscular fatigue

Every test can be used as a monitoring tool if

  • it is valide

  • it is reliable / usefull

  • serve your context

Every test can be used as a monitoring tool

  • F.V profile during sprints (marrier et al. 2018)

  • 5-s sprints on wattbike (

  • Kicking test (Batra et al.)

some exemples of application

context is the key!

UE7-INSEP-Monitoring

By Mathieu Lacome

UE7-INSEP-Monitoring

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