package example;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * Write a program that uses the `Scanner` class
 * which reads in a line of numbers separated by spaces,
 * and sums them.
 */
public class Sum {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        /**
         * new - Creates a new Scanner object. (Think of it like C Malloc, but Java's
         * garbage collection frees it)
         * Scanner is an object that allows us to specify an input
         * System.in == stdin in C
         */
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        /**
         * Keeps reading input until it sees a \n
         *
         * Splits each string into an array of strings
         */
        String[] numbers = scanner.nextLine().split(" ");

        int sum = 0;
        for (String number : numbers) {
            sum += Integer.parseInt(number);
        }
        System.out.println("The sum is " + sum);

        // Advanced
        // Using streams
        int streamSum = Arrays.asList(numbers).stream().mapToInt(x -> Integer.parseInt(x)).sum();
        System.out.println(String.format("The sum is %d", streamSum));

        /**
         * Frees I/O resources
         * Java's garbage collector only manages memory, not other resources
         */
        scanner.close();
    }
}

public class LoopExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String[] myStrings = { "Hello", "World", "No" };

        // Index based looping
        for (int i = 0; i < myStrings.length; i++) {
            String current = myStrings[i];
            System.out.println(current);
        }

        // For-range / for-in loop
        for (String current : myStrings) { // Very python like
            System.out.println(current);
        }
    }
}

package example;

public class Shouter {
    private String message;

    public Shouter(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }

    public String getMessage() {
        // NOTE: You don't have to use the keyword `this`
        // But I use it because of clarity
        return this.message;
    }

    public void setMessage(String newMessage) {
        this.message = newMessage;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return String.format("Shouter message = %s", this.message);
    }

    public void printMe() {
        System.out.println(this.message);
    }

    public void shout() {
        System.out.println(this.message.toUpperCase());
    }

    public void printAndShout() {
        // NOTE: You don't have to use the keyword `this`
        // But I use it because of clarity
        this.printMe();
        this.shout();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Shouter s = new Shouter("This is my message");
        s.printMe();
        s.shout();
        // When printing objects, Java will try and stringify
        // In this case, it calls the .toString() method
        System.out.println(s);
    }
}