Javascript

$ whoami

$ whoami

Javascript is capturing the web

Ever wondered why ?

Javascript is awesome

Cross platform

Single threaded

Dynamic

Light weight

Asynchronous

But ... they say

It doesn't have types

It doesn't have tooling

It doesn't have modules

ES2015

Well they aren't wrong

It often fails on huge codebases

So we all agree Javascript is awesome

But how do we make it scale?

$ which typescript

$ which typescript

Typescript

Javascript

No runtime required

$ which typescript

  • Introduces optional types
  • Compile to JS language
  • Enables using future JS

$ which es2015 | grep class

//ES6
class Shape {
    constructor (id, x, y) {
        this.id = id
        this.move(x, y)
    }
    move (x, y) {
        this.x = x
        this.y = y
    }
}
//ES5
var Shape = function (id, x, y) {
    this.id = id;
    this.move(x, y);
};
Shape.prototype.move = function (x, y) {
    this.x = x;
    this.y = y;
};

$ which es2015 | grep scoping

//ES6
for (let i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
    let x = a[i];
    …
}
for (let i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
    let y = b[i];
    …
}
//ES5
var i, x, y;
for (i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
    x = a[i];
    …
}
for (i = 0; i < b.length; i++) {
    y = b[i];
    …
}

$ which es2015 | grep inherit

//ES6
class Rectangle extends Shape {
    constructor (id, x, y, width, height) {
        super(id, x, y)
        this.width  = width
        this.height = height
    }
}
//ES5
var Rectangle = function (id, x, y, width, height) {
    Shape.call(this, id, x, y);
    this.width  = width;
    this.height = height;
};
Rectangle.prototype = Object.create(Shape.prototype);
Rectangle.prototype.constructor = Rectangle;

Class/Function Shape has been omitted for brevity

$ which es2015 | grep arrow-fn 

// ES6
this.nums.forEach((v) => {
    if (v % 5 === 0)
        this.fives.push(v);
});
//ES5
this.nums.forEach(function (v) {
    if (v % 5 === 0)
        this.fives.push(v);
}.bind(this));

this.nums.forEach(function (v) {
    if (v % 5 === 0)
        this.fives.push(v);
}, this);

$ which es2015 | grep module 

//ES6
//  lib/math.js
export function sum (x, y) { return x + y }
export var pi = 3.141593

//  someApp.js
import * as math from "lib/math"
console.log("2π = " + math.sum(math.pi, math.pi))
//ES5
//  lib/math.js
LibMath = {};
LibMath.sum = function (x, y) { return x + y };
LibMath.pi = 3.141593;

//  someApp.js
var math = LibMath;
console.log("2π = " + math.sum(math.pi, math.pi));

$ which es2015 

  • String interpolation and methods
  • Array Methods
  • Destructuring
  • Promises

Types

You screwed up !

$ typescript --help Types

// Javascript
...
var username = 'brucewayne@wayneenterprises.com';
username.toLowerCase().find('@');
...

$ typescript --help Types

$ typescript --help Types

// Typescript
...
let username: string = 'brucewayne@wayneenterprises.com';
username.toLowerCase().find('@');
...

$ typescript --help Types

Basic Types

  • number
  • string
  • boolean
  • array
  • any
  • custom
var age = 5;
var name = true;
var address = 'neverland';
var numbers = [1,2,3,4];
var counting = [1,2,3,4];
var tuple = [1, 'batman'];
var various = [1, true, 'wayne', [false, 9]];

let age:number = 5;
let name: boolean = true;
let address: string = 'neverland';
let numbers: number [] = [1,2,3,4];
let counting: Array<number> = [1,2,3,4];
let tuple: [number, string] = [1, 'batman'];
let various: any[] = [1, true, 'wayne', [false, 9]];

$ typescript --help Types

Variable type annotations

$ typescript --help Types

Type annotations can also be inferred

// hero will be inferred as a type string
let hero = 'Bruce Wayne';

// zero will be inferred as a type any
let zero;
zero = 'Peter Parker';

$ typescript --help Types

Object types

// hero will be inferred as an object type 
// with key: string, value: string
let hero = {
    name: 'Bruce Wayne'
};

$ typescript --help Types

Function types

// Inferred as a type Function
// a, b and return type is any
let add = (a, b) => a + b;


// Type Function
// a, b and return type is number
let add: Function = (a: number, b: number) => a + b;

// Type Function
// a, b and return type is number
let add: Function = (a: number, b: number): number => a + b;

$ typescript --help Types

  • Catch errors before crashing
  • Enabling tooling

Interfaces

$ typescript --help Interfaces

It's a code contract

$ typescript --help Interfaces

You were asked to build this:

But built this:

$ typescript --help Interfaces

Which is like coding this:

instead of this:

let person = {
    fname: 'Bruce',
    lname: 'Wayne'
}
let person = {
    firstName: 'Bruce',
    lastName: 'Wayne'
}

$ typescript --help Interfaces

interface Person {
    firstName: string;
    lastName: string;
    age?: number;
}
let person: Person {
    firstName: 'Yahiko'
}
let person: Person {
    firstName: 'Yahiko',
    lastName: 'Nagashi'
}

age has a ? and is optional

$ typescript --help Interfaces

class Trainer implements Person {
    firstName: string;
    lastName: string;

    constructor(p: Person){
        this.firstName = p.firstName;
        this.lastName = p.lastName;
    }

    getUser(): Person {
        return {
            firstName: this.firstName,
            lastName: this.lastName
        }
    }
}

As a class interface

As a type

Generics

$ typescript --help Generics

Code stencils or templates

$ typescript --help Generics

export class List<T> {
    list: Array<T> = new Array<T>();
    add(item: T) {
        this.list.push(item);    
    }
}

let people = new List<string>();
people.add('Bruce');
people.add(211); //error

$ typescript --help Generics

export class List<T> {
    list: Array<T> = new Array<T>();
    add(item: T) {
        this.list.push(item);    
    }
}

interface Person {
    firstName: string;
    lastName: string;
}

let people = new List<Person>();
people.add({firstName: 'Bruce', lastName: 'banner'});
people.add(211); //error

Future today

$ typescript --help Future

$ typescript --help Future

  • Decorators
  • Async/Await
  • everything ES6

Decorators are an integral part of Angular 2

Who is using Typescript?

  • It is a superset, it is not like learning a new language
  • Developers skills are translate easily to TS from JS
  • JS projects can be converted to TS simply by renaming the source files from*.js to *.ts

Summary

$ typescript --summary

Types

Interfaces

Generics

Future

Unmatchable tooling support

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Questions ...

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Typescript

By Mohammad Umair Khan

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