PHP 基礎教學

許桔

建置環境

安裝Wamp
將資料庫匯入

匯入資料

基礎語法


<html>
    <head>

        <title>測試文件</title>
        <link href="..." rel="stylesheet" >
        <script src="..."></script>

    </head>

    <body>

        <p>HTML呈現資料</p>
        
        <p><?php echo "PHP呈現資料"; ?></p>
    
    </body>
</html>

PHP 基礎語法

<?php

    //直接指定變數的型態
    $i = 0;
    $str = "單引號和雙引號有差!";
    
    /*
    檢視一下變數呈現的方式
    */

?>

<p><?php echo $i; ?></p>
<p><?php echo $str; ?></p>
<p><?php echo '$str'; ?></p>
<p><?php echo "$str"; ?></p>

PHP的所有變數都是以$符號開始的

PHP 基礎語法

<?php 
    $bookname = "PHP入門教學書籍";
    $price = 350;
?>
<table border="1">
    <tr>
        <td> <?php echo "書名"; ?> </td>
        <td> <?php echo "價格"; ?> </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td> <?php echo $bookname; ?> </td>
        <td> <?php echo $price; ?> </td>
    </tr>
</table>

把PHP輸出和HTML輸出區隔開來

PHP 基礎語法

<?php 

    $bookname = "PHP入門教學書籍";
    $price = 350;

    echo "<table border='1'><tr><td>";
    echo "書名";
    echo "</td>";
    echo "<td>";
    echo "價格"; 
    echo "</td></tr>";
    
    echo "<tr><td>";
    echo $bookname;
    echo "</td>";
    echo "<td>";
    echo $price; 
    echo "</td></tr></table>";

?>

PHP 基礎語法

<?php 

    $bookname="書名";
    $value="PHP網頁程式設計入門";

    echo $bookname."：".$value;

?>

PHP字串的連結，使用.來連接

PHP 基礎語法

<?php

    $i=1;
    $i++;
    
    echo $i."<br />";
    
    $i = $i+10;
    
    echo $i;

?>

PHP的運算子和C一樣

主要注意變數前面要加$就好

PHP 基礎語法

<?php 
    $i = 10;
    
    if($i<10) {
        echo "第一個條件".$i."<10成立";
    }
    //else if 和 elseif 之間是相同的，但使用上還是建議使用elseif
    elseif($i>10) {
        echo "第二個條件".$i.">10成立";
    }
    else {
        echo "最後一個條件".$i."=10成立";
    }
?>

判斷式的邏輯的變化也不大

<?php 

    $name = array("許桔","怡如","姿伸","敬嘉","佳妤","群仁");

    echo "大帥哥".$name[0];

?>

陣列

PHP 基礎語法

<b>五人小組</b>
<br /><br />

<b>(For迴圈抓)：</b>
<?php
    for($i=1; $i<6; $i++) {
        echo $name[$i]." ";
    }
?>

<br /><br />

<b>(While迴圈)：</b>
<?php 
    $i=1;
    while($i<6) {
        echo $name[$i]." ";
    $i++;
    }
?>

迴圈(延伸陣列抓取)

PHP 基礎語法

<b>Foreach迴圈抓陣列：</b><br /><br />

<?php
    $name = array("許桔","怡如","姿伸","敬嘉","佳妤","群仁");

    foreach($name as $num) {
        echo $num." <br />";
    }
?>

<br />

<?php

    foreach($name as $num => $value) {
        echo "筆數：".$num."，";
        echo "值：".$value."<br />";
    }

?>

Foreach 迴圈

PHP 基礎語法

<?php
 
    function Callinfo() {
        echo "我叫許桔";
    }


    echo "Hello~";

    echo Callinfo();
?>

函數

PHP 基礎語法

<?php
 
    function Callinfo($call) {
        echo $call."，大家好<br />";
    }


    echo "Hello~<br />";
    
    echo Callinfo("我叫許桔");
    echo Callinfo("我叫怡如");

?>

函數-帶參數

PHP 基礎語法

<?php
 
    function sum($x,$y){
        $total=$x+$y;
        return $total;
    }

    echo "10 + 20 = ".sum(10,20);

?>

函數-帶參數+回傳值

PHP 基礎語法

<?php 
    
    include 'yoursite.php';

    require 'yoursite.php';

?>

引入

透過PHP來跟資料庫溝通

Connection
Query
Insert Into
Update
Delete

Connection - 建立PDO連線 db_connection.php


<?php

	$config_set['db_connection']['dsn'] = 'mysql:dbname=school;host=127.0.0.1;charset=utf8';
	$config_set['db_connection']['user_name'] = 'root';
	$config_set['db_connection']['password'] = '';

	$dbh = new PDO (
		$config_set['db_connection']['dsn'],
		$config_set['db_connection']['user_name'],
		$config_set['db_connection']['password'],
		array (
			PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => false, 
			PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION
			)
		);
?>


<?php
        //要與資料庫連線，均需使用該以下方式來引入
        require('db_connection.php');
?>

Try Catch - db_connection.php

<?php

    function error_login($log){
        echo 'Log:'.$log.'<br />';
    }
	
    try{
        ...
    }
    catch(PDOException $error){
	echo "Something Error!!<br />";
	error_login($error->getMessage());
    }

?>

QUERY

透過PHP使用字串方式傳遞SQL語法至資料庫
資料庫回傳接收之SQL

<?php

    require("db_connection.php");

    $sql = $dbh->query("SELECT * FROM student"); 

    foreach($sql as $row) {
    	echo $row['no'].", ".$row['educational_system'].", ".$row['department'].
        ", ".$row['class'].", ".$row['num'].", ".$row['name']."<br />"; 
    }
    
?>

INSERT INTO


<?php
    
    //也可以使用別頁面傳來的資料
    $educational_system = $_POST['educational_system'];

    $insert = $dbh->prepare("INSERT INTO
                            `student` (`educational_system`, `department`, `class`, `num`, `name`)
                            VALUES (:educational_system, :department, :class, :num, :name)
                            ");
    $insert->execute(
                        array(
                           ':educational_system' => $educational_system,
                           ':department' => '資管系',
                           ':class' => '資五甲',
                           ':num' => '12345678',
                           ':name' => '王大明'
　　　　　　　　　　　　     )
                    );

?>

UPDATE


<?php

    require("db_connection.php");

    $educational_system = "test";
    $num = "s1803B102";

    $update = $dbh->prepare("UPDATE `student` 
                            SET `educational_system` = :educational_system 
                            WHERE `num` = :num
                            ");
        
    $update->execute(
                     array(
                           ':educational_system' => $educational_system,
                           ':num' => $num
                           )
                    );

?>

DELETE

<?php

    require("db_connection.php");

    $educational_system = '四技1' 

    $delete = $dbh->prepare("DELETE FROM `student`
    		            WHERE `educational_system` = :educational_system
                            ");

    $delete->execute(
                     array(
                           ':educational_system' => $educational_system
                          )
                    );

?>

建置基礎的後台系統

點我下載

檔案

會員權限機制

Session

存在Server端
客戶端看不到
由Server控制

Cookie

存在客戶端
可以直接看見
可以偽造

但是Session的使用時機和用法錯誤，還是一樣會有危險

Session

記錄較敏感的資料，不能給使用者觀看的
例如：登入資訊、驗證碼的答案、流程控管

Cookie

不敏感、涉及到安全性的資料
例如：佈景主題...等
適時的使用Cookie來減少伺服器負擔

使用時機

Session 與 Cookie使用原理

補充

開始製作

點我下載

完成之範例檔

建置登入頁 - login.php

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
	<meta charset="UTF-8">
	<title>登入</title>
</head>
<body>
	<form method="post" action="login_session.php">
		帳號：<input name="id" type="text" placeholder="" />
		<br /> <br />
		密碼：<input name="psw" type="password" placeholder="" />
		<br /> <br />
		<button>登入</button>
		  
		<a href="register.php">註冊</a>
	</form>
</body>
</html>

建置檢查帳號頁 - login_session.php

<?php
        require('db_connection.php');

        $id = $_POST['id'];
        $psw = $_POST['psw'];

	$sql = $dbh->prepare("SELECT * FROM `member` WHERE `sid` = :sid");
	$sql->execute(array(':sid' => $id));
        //檢查帳號是否存在
	if($sql->rowCount() == 1) { 
		$user = $sql->fetch(); 
		password_verify($psw, $user['psw']);
		$_SESSION['user'] = $user['sid'];
		if($user['iden'] == 1) {
			$_SESSION['permissions'] = 1;
			echo "<script>alert('登入成功!');</script>";
	                header("refresh:0; url=student.php");
		}
		else {
    	                echo "<script>alert('登入成功!');</script>";
    	                header("refresh:0; url=teacher.php");
		}
	}
	else {
    		echo "<script>alert('登入失敗!');</script>";
	        header("refresh:0; url=login.php");
	}
?>

整理檢查帳號頁1 - login_session.php

<?php
require('db_connection.php');

function login($dbh, $id, $psw) {
	$sql = $dbh->prepare("SELECT * FROM `member` WHERE `sid` = :sid");
	$sql->execute(array(':sid' => $id));

        //查詢帳號是否存在
	if($sql->rowCount() == 1) { 
		$user = $sql->fetch(); 
		password_verify($psw, $user['psw']);
		$_SESSION['user'] = $user['sid'];
		if($user['iden'] == 1) {
			$_SESSION['permissions'] = 1;
			return 1;
		}
		else {
			$_SESSION['permissions'] = 0;
			return 2;
		}
	}
	else {
		return 0;
	}
}

...

整理檢查帳號頁2 - login_session.php

...

$id = $_POST['id'];
$psw = $_POST['psw'];

//判斷權限而導入不同頁面
switch (login($dbh, $id, $psw)) {
	case '1':
	echo "<script>alert('登入成功!');</script>";
	header("refresh:0; url=student.php");
	break;

	case '2':
	echo "<script>alert('登入成功!');</script>";
	header("refresh:0; url=teacher.php");
	break;

	case '0':
	echo "<script>alert('帳號或密碼錯誤!');</script>";
	header("refresh:0; url=login.php");
	break;

	default:
	echo "<script>alert('登入失敗!');</script>";
	header("refresh:0; url=login.php");
	break;
}
?>

建置登出頁面 - logout.php

<?php

    session_start(); 
    unset($_SESSION['s_id']);
    unset($_SESSION['permissions']);
    header("refresh:0; url=index.php");

?>
<scrpit>
    alert('登入資訊錯誤，請重新登入!');
</script>

<?php

    session_start(); 
    unset($_SESSION['s_id']);
    unset($_SESSION['permissions']);
    header("refresh:0; url=index.php");

?>

建置錯誤頁面 - error.php

建置學生觀看頁 - student.php ( 原index.php )

//在 <body> 後撰寫判斷SESSION
<?php
if(@isset($_SESSION['user'])) { 
    echo "<b>Hi  " . $_SESSION['user'] . 
         "， <a href='logout.php'>登出</a></b><br /><br />";
    $session_user = $_SESSION['user'];
?>

//更改讀取的SQL
$sql = $dbh->query("SELECT * FROM `member`, `student` 
                    WHERE `sid` = `num` AND `sid` = '$session_user' 
                    ");

//拿掉刪除的欄位，以及 更改修改的欄位
    <form method="post" action="update.php">
        <input type="text" name="edit" value="<?php echo $row['num'] ?>" hidden="hidden" />
        <button>修改</button>
    </form>

//在 </body> 前引入登入錯誤資訊
<?php
}
else {
    require('error.php');
}
?>

//在 <body> 後撰寫判斷SESSION
<?php
if(@isset($_SESSION['user']) and @$_SESSION['permissions'] == 0) { 
    echo "<b>Hi  " . $_SESSION['user'] .
         "， <a href='logout.php'>登出</a></b><br /><br />";
    $session_user = $_SESSION['user'];
?>

//更改修改的欄位
    <form method="post" action="update.php">
        <input type="text" name="edit" value="<?php echo $row['num'] ?>" hidden="hidden" />
        <button>修改</button>
    </form>

//在 </body> 前引入登入錯誤資訊
<?php
}
else {
    require('error.php');
}
?>

建置學生觀看頁 - teacher.php ( 原index.php )

建置註冊頁 - register.php

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
	<meta charset="UTF-8">
	<title>註冊</title>
</head>
<body>
	<form method="post" action="register_session.php">
		學號：<input name="id" type="text" placeholder="" />
		<br /> <br />
		<!--重複輸入密碼的驗證這邊就不做了-->
		密碼：<input name="psw" type="password" placeholder="" />
		<br /> <br />
		學制：<input name="es" type="text" placeholder="" />
		<br /> <br />
		科系：<input name="dep" type="text" placeholder="" />
		<br /> <br />
		班級：<input name="cls" type="text" placeholder="" />
		<br /> <br />
		姓名：<input name="name" type="text" placeholder="" />
		<br /> <br />
		<button>註冊</button>
	</form>
</body>
</html>

(原insert.php)

<?php
    require('db_connection.php');    

    $id = $_POST['id'];
    //用sha256的方式進行密碼加密
    $psw = password_hash($_POST['psw'], PASSWORD_DEFAULT);
    $educational_system = $_POST['es'];
    $department = $_POST['dep'];
    $class = $_POST['cls'];
    $name = $_POST['name'];

    $sql = $dbh->prepare("SELECT * FROM `member` WHERE `sid` = :sid");
    $sql->execute(array(':sid' => $id));
    
    //如果帳號沒有人註冊才可以註冊
    if($sql->rowCount() != 1) {
        ...
    }
    else {
	echo "<script>alert('註冊失敗，該帳號已有人註冊');</script>";
	header('refresh:0;url=register.php');
    }
    
?>

建置註冊處理 register_session.php

(原insert_fin.php)

//...內，代表帳號沒有存在，因此可以進行新增之動作

    $insert = $dbh->prepare("INSERT INTO 
			    `member` (`sid`, `psw` ,`iden`) 
			    VALUES (:sid, :psw, :iden)
			    ");
    $insert->execute(array(':sid' => $id, ':psw' => $psw, ':iden' => '1'));

    $insert = $dbh->prepare("INSERT INTO 
			    `student` (`educational_system`, `department` ,`class`, `num`, `name`)
			    VALUES (:educational_system, :department, :class, :num, :name)
			    ");
    $insert->execute(
		    array
                          (
			    ':educational_system' => $educational_system,
			    ':department' => $department,
			    ':class' => $class,
			    ':num' => $id,
			    ':name' => $name,
			  )
	            );

建置註冊處理2 register_session.php

<?php
require('db_connection.php');

function check($dbh, $id) {
	$sql = $dbh->prepare("SELECT * FROM `member` WHERE `sid` = :sid");
	$sql->execute(array(':sid' => $id));

    //查詢帳號是否存在
	if($sql->rowCount() != 1) {
		return 1;
	}
	else {
		return 0;
	}
}

    $id = $_POST['id'];
    $psw = password_hash($_POST['psw'], PASSWORD_DEFAULT);
    $educational_system = $_POST['es'];
    $department = $_POST['dep'];
    $class = $_POST['cls'];
    $name = $_POST['name'];

    check($dbh, $id);

...

整理註冊處理1 - register_session.php

function insert($status, $dbh, $id, $psw, $educational_system, $department, $class, $name) {
	if($status == 1) {
		$insert = $dbh->prepare("INSERT INTO 
			`member` (`sid`, `psw` ,`iden`) 
			VALUES (:sid, :psw, :iden)
			");
		$insert->execute(array(':sid' => $id, ':psw' => $psw, ':iden' => '1'));
		$insert = $dbh->prepare("INSERT INTO 
			`student` (`educational_system`, `department` ,`class`, `num`, `name`)
			VALUES (:educational_system, :department, :class, :num, :name)
			");
		$insert->execute(
			array(
				':educational_system' => $educational_system,
				':department' => $department,
				':class' => $class,
				':num' => $id,
				':name' => $name,
		        ));
		return 1;
	}
	else {
            return 0;
        }
}

$status = check($dbh, $id);
$register_status = insert($status, $dbh, $id, $psw, $educational_system, $department, $class, $name);
...

整理註冊處理2 - register_session.php

if($register_status == 1) {
	echo "<script>alert('註冊成功');</script>";
	header('refresh:0;url=login.php');
}
else {
	echo "<script>alert('註冊失敗，該帳號已有人註冊');</script>";
	header('refresh:0;url=register.php');
}
?>

整理註冊處理3 - register_session.php

更改修改頁 - update.php

//sutdent.php 和 teacher.php，兩個頁面共用

//移除GET傳值update的方法、移除no的

//在 <body> 下，新增判斷SESSION存在與否
<?php if(@isset($_SESSION['user'])) { ?>

//更改 讀取資料的方式
<?php
    $num = $_POST['edit'];
    $sql = $dbh->query("SELECT * FROM student WHERE num = '$num' ");
?>

//在 </body> 前，引入登入錯誤
<?php
}
else {
    require('error.php');
}
?>

<?php

    require("db_connection.php");

    $session_users = $_SESSION['user'];

    $educational_system = $_POST['es'];
    $department = $_POST['dep'];
    $class = $_POST['cls'];
    $num = $_POST['num'];
    $name = $_POST['name'];

...

更改修改處理1 - update_fin.php

...

    $update = $dbh->prepare("UPDATE `student` 
                            SET `educational_system` = :educational_system,
                            `department` = :department,
                            `class` = :class,
                            `name` = :name
                            WHERE `num` = :session_users
                            ");

    $update->execute(
                    array(
                          ':educational_system' => $educational_system,
                          ':department' => $department,
                          ':class' => $class,
                          ':name' => $name,
                          ':session_users' => $num
                         )
                    );

    if(@$_SESSION['permissions']==0) {
        header('refresh:0;url = teacher.php');
    }
    else {
        header('refresh:0;url = student.php');   
    }
?>

更改修改處理2 - update_fin.php

更改刪除頁 - delete_fin.php

<?php
    require('db_connection.php');

    if(@isset($_SESSION['user']) and @$_SESSION['permissions'] == 0) { 

    //改用學號(帳號)驗證
    $num = $_GET['del']; 
    
    $delete = $dbh->prepare("DELETE FROM `student` WHERE num = :num");
    $delete->execute(array(':num' => $num));

    $delete = $dbh->prepare("DELETE FROM `member` WHERE sid = :sid");
    $delete->execute(array(':sid' => $num));

    header('refresh:0;url = teacher.php');
    
    }
    else{
	require('error.php');
    }
?>

PHP 基礎教學

建置環境

匯入資料

基礎語法

PHP 基礎語法

PHP 基礎語法

PHP 基礎語法

PHP 基礎語法

PHP 基礎語法

PHP 基礎語法

PHP 基礎語法

PHP 基礎語法

PHP 基礎語法

PHP 基礎語法

PHP 基礎語法

PHP 基礎語法

引入

透過PHP來跟資料庫溝通

Connection - 建立PDO連線 db_connection.php

Try Catch - db_connection.php

QUERY

INSERT INTO

UPDATE

DELETE

建置基礎的後台系統

點我下載

檔案

會員權限機制

Session

Cookie

Session

Cookie

Session 與 Cookie使用原理

開 始 製 作

建置登入頁 - login.php

建置檢查帳號頁 - login_session.php

整理檢查帳號頁1 - login_session.php

整理檢查帳號頁2 - login_session.php

建置登出頁面 - logout.php

建置錯誤頁面 - error.php

建置學生觀看頁 - student.php ( 原index.php )

建置學生觀看頁 - teacher.php ( 原index.php )

建置註冊頁 - register.php

(原insert.php)

建置註冊處理 register_session.php

(原insert_fin.php)

建置註冊處理2 register_session.php

整理註冊處理1 - register_session.php

整理註冊處理2 - register_session.php

整理註冊處理3 - register_session.php

更改修改頁 - update.php

更改修改處理1 - update_fin.php

更改修改處理2 - update_fin.php

更改刪除頁 - delete_fin.php

PHP-Mailer 信箱驗證

PHP

More from nicky30102

開始製作