Literate programming
Programmation lettrée
"Nous devons changer notre attitude traditionnelle envers la construction des programmes :
au lieu de considérer que notre tâche principale
est de dire à un ordinateur ce qu'il doit faire,
appliquons-nous plutôt à expliquer à des êtres humains ce que nous voulons que l'ordinateur fasse."
- Donald E. Knuth, Literate Programming (1984)
"Ce que l'on conçoit bien s'énonce clairement,
Et les mots pour le dire arrivent aisément."
- Nicolas Boileau, L'Art Poétique (1674)
source
code
executable
documentation complète
"tangling"
"weaving"
The purpose of wc is to count lines, words, and/or characters in a list of files. The number of lines in a file is ......../more explanations/ Here, then, is an overview of the file wc.c that is defined by the noweb program wc.nw: <<*>>= <<Header files to include>> <<Definitions>> <<Global variables>> <<Functions>> <<The main program>> @ We must include the standard I/O definitions, since we want to send formatted output to stdout and stderr. <<Header files to include>>= #include <stdio.h> @
The present chunk, which does the counting, was actually one of the simplest to write. We look at each character and change state if it begins or ends a word. <<Scan file>>= while (1) { <<Fill buffer if it is empty; break at end of file>> c = *ptr++; if (c > ' ' && c < 0177) { /* visible ASCII codes */ if (!in_word) { word_count++; in_word = 1; } continue; } if (c == '\n') line_count++; else if (c != ' ' && c != '\t') continue; in_word = 0; /* c is newline, space, or tab */ } @
description explicite de la logique
=> moins de bugs de conception
meilleure documentation,
établie au fur et à mesure
plus facile d'interrompre et de reprendre
l'écriture du programme
TeX, metafont
outillage
WEB (1984, TeX + Pascal)
CWEB (1987-2006, TeX + C/C++/java)
noweb (1989-2011, TeX/LaTeX/HTML + tous langages)
adoption
literate Haskell...
Mathematica : computational essay
IPython/Jupyter Notebook
Mike Bostock
NY Times, D3.js
Jeremy Ashkenas
Underscore.js, CoffeeScript, backbone.js
Tom McWright
Mapbox
bl.ocks.org
javascript libraries for
data-driven documents
a simple viewer for sharing code examples hosted on GitHub Gist.
the integrated discovery environment
d3.express
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Observable
http://beta.observablehq.com
a web-first interactive notebook for data
analysis, visualization, and exploration
reactivity
visibility
reusability
portability
Literate programming - Programmation lettrée
By Philippe Deschaseaux
