smart lights

philips.com

smart switch

philips.com

sad router

@livescience

10110100101000010011010111010101101011101001010010110100011

1001010010110100011

Arnold Reinhold

10110100101000010011010111010101101011101001010010110100011

@rutheh

Mark Stone/University of Washington

David Meerman Scott

washington.edu/news/2018/07/02/critical-fabulations/

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Reverb, LLC

1001010010110100011

philips electronics

it's just counting

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 …

delete the 9s!

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, …

"base 9"

(animated)

delete the 9s!

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, …

"base 9"

… 18, 20, 21, …

… 88, 100, 101, …

(animated)

…

0, 1, 2, 10, 11, 12, 20, 21, 22, 100, 101, …

"base 3"

(animated)

drumroll...

the last two digits!

binary!!

0, 1, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110, 111, …

(animated)

count to 10000

Decimal	Binary
0	0
1	1
2	10
3	11
4	100
5	101
6	110
7	111
8	1000
9	1001
10	1010
11	1011
12	1100
13	1101
14	1110
15	1111
16	10000

munk.org

binary solo

number → letter

ASCII!

0 = [NUL]  1 = [SOH]  2 = [STX]  3 = [ETX]  4 = [EOT]  5 = [ENQ]  6 = [ACK]  7 = [BEL]  8 = [BS]  9 = [HT] 10 = [LF] 11 = [VT] 12 = [FF] 13 = [CR] 14 = [SO] 15 = [SI]	16 = [DLE] 17 = [DC1] 18 = [DC2] 19 = [DC3] 20 = [DC4] 21 = [NAK] 22 = [SYN] 23 = [ETB] 24 = [CAN] 25 = [EM] 26 = [SUB] 27 = [ESC] 28 = [FS] 29 = [GS] 30 = [RS] 31 = [US]	32 = " " 33 = ! 34 = " 35 = # 36 = $ 37 = % 38 = & 39 = ' 40 = ( 41 = ) 42 = * 43 = + 44 = , 45 = - 46 = . 47 = /	48 = 0 49 = 1 50 = 2 51 = 3 52 = 4 53 = 5 54 = 6 55 = 7 56 = 8 57 = 9 58 = : 59 = ; 60 = < 61 = = 62 = > 63 = ?	64 = @ 65 = A 66 = B 67 = C 68 = D 69 = E 70 = F 71 = G 72 = H 73 = I 74 = J 75 = K 76 = L 77 = M 78 = N 79 = O	80 = P 81 = Q 82 = R 83 = S 84 = T 85 = U 86 = V 87 = W 88 = X 89 = Y 90 = Z 91 = [ 92 = \ 93 = ] 94 = ^ 95 = _	96 = `  97 = a  98 = b  99 = c 100 = d 101 = e 102 = f 103 = g 104 = h 105 = i 106 = j 107 = k 108 = l 109 = m 110 = n 111 = o	112 = p 113 = q 114 = r 115 = s 116 = t 117 = u 118 = v 119 = w 120 = x 121 = y 122 = z 123 = { 124 = | 125 = } 126 = ~ 127 = [DEL]

1960s

"bytes"

Every number is made of

exactly 8 bits (1s and 0s)

Decimal	Binary
0	00000000
1	00000001
2	00000010
3	00000011
4	00000100
5	00000101
6	00000110
7	00000111
8	00001000
9	00001001
10	00001010
11	00001011
12	00001100
13	00001101
14	00001110
15	00001111
16	000010000

ASCII!

0 = [NUL]  1 = [SOH]  2 = [STX]  3 = [ETX]  4 = [EOT]  5 = [ENQ]  6 = [ACK]  7 = [BEL]  8 = [BS]  9 = [HT] 10 = [LF] 11 = [VT] 12 = [FF] 13 = [CR] 14 = [SO] 15 = [SI]	16 = [DLE] 17 = [DC1] 18 = [DC2] 19 = [DC3] 20 = [DC4] 21 = [NAK] 22 = [SYN] 23 = [ETB] 24 = [CAN] 25 = [EM] 26 = [SUB] 27 = [ESC] 28 = [FS] 29 = [GS] 30 = [RS] 31 = [US]	32 = " " 33 = ! 34 = " 35 = # 36 = $ 37 = % 38 = & 39 = ' 40 = ( 41 = ) 42 = * 43 = + 44 = , 45 = - 46 = . 47 = /	48 = 0 49 = 1 50 = 2 51 = 3 52 = 4 53 = 5 54 = 6 55 = 7 56 = 8 57 = 9 58 = : 59 = ; 60 = < 61 = = 62 = > 63 = ?	64 = @ 65 = A 66 = B 67 = C 68 = D 69 = E 70 = F 71 = G 72 = H 73 = I 74 = J 75 = K 76 = L 77 = M 78 = N 79 = O	80 = P 81 = Q 82 = R 83 = S 84 = T 85 = U 86 = V 87 = W 88 = X 89 = Y 90 = Z 91 = [ 92 = \ 93 = ] 94 = ^ 95 = _	96 = `  97 = a  98 = b  99 = c 100 = d 101 = e 102 = f 103 = g 104 = h 105 = i 106 = j 107 = k 108 = l 109 = m 110 = n 111 = o	112 = p 113 = q 114 = r 115 = s 116 = t 117 = u 118 = v 119 = w 120 = x 121 = y 122 = z 123 = { 124 = | 125 = } 126 = ~ 127 = [DEL]

1960s

American Standard Code for Information Exchange

unicode

01000001 → A