Migration patterns within the United States

Team 5

Dharitrikumari Rathod

Umapathy Beema

November 18, 2020

Summary:

Based on US Census data (2014-2018):

1. Migration patterns in the US Regions
2. Migration Patterns between the States
3. In- moving Hubs in the states with high net migration
4. Out-moving hubs in the states with low net migration
5.  Cause and effect of domestic migration

Purpose:

1. To educate ourselves
2. Inform others

• What is the domestic migration pattern in the US?

• Where people are moving?

• What are the causes and effects of migration?

Reasearch Questions:

Data Laboratory view & Graph information:

Graph information:

• Directed graph
• Weighted graph 

States (2018):

• Node= 52
• Edges = 2409

Metro:(2014-18)

• Nodes = 390
• Edges= 70309

Gephi Layouts:

Statistics and filters:

 US Regional Migration:

US State Migration:

Florida

Metro to Metro In Migration

Metro to Metro Out Migration: 

Metro to Metro Out Migration 

 Causes of the domestic migration:

• New job/transfer (3.5 million annually)
• To stay closer to the work/easier commute (2 million annually)
• To attend/ leave college (1 million annually)
• Due to climate change and natural disaster (400,000 annually)
• Due to retirement (350,000 annually)
• Housing-related (9 million annually)

Effects of the domestic migration in the US:

• Research shows that greater space and lower cost of living in the states like Florida, Oregon, the Carolinas, Washington, Texas, Arizona, and Nevada are in the center of migration, and cause of the real estate boom in these states.[1]
• On the other hand, we will see more empty houses in the metropolitan areas like New York and LA Metropolitan area.[2]
• Climate change will be the key player in migration and impact the billion-dollar real estate business in the affected states.[3]
•  Due to high net migration states like Florida, North Carolina, Arizona, and Nevada will become more important in presidential elections.[1]

• Based on U.S. Census data (as shown in the table), Millennials are moving to the south and west regions of the country which will impact the labor and housing market in the US.

• Generation X is moving towards the southern region to retire in warmer places may impact the healthcare industry.

Results:

1. Homophily: the east coast tend to live on the east coast and similarly west coast tend to live on the west coast
2. Degree distribution: State migration is random (more likely adjacent states), But In-migration in metropolitan areas within a state follows a power-law distribution.
3. Major reasons: Employment, Greater space, affordability, commute distance, climate change, and warmer weather.

Final contemplation: 

• Additional data:

  • Reasons for interstate migration
  • Migration due to Covid
  • Interstate migration based on age group
  • 2020 Census

• Data preparation:
  • Cleaned the State to State and Metro to Metro migration data by removing the abroad migrations and converted them into the node and edges table to run in the Gephi.

• Unpredicted:
  • Changed undirected to directed
  • Gephi- large scale data
  • Gephi treated the target as a source.

References:

1. https://www.move.org/why-americans-are-moving-to-southern-and-western-states/

2. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2019/04/moves-from-south-west-dominate-recent-migration-flows.html

3. Stephan A. Schwartz (2020, August), America, Covid-19, Climate change, and Migration, Explore

4. https://www.jchs.harvard.edu/blog/not-just-the-sunbelt-millennials-and-baby-boomers-increasingly-head-west

5. Cherven Ken, PACKT publishing(2015), Mastering Gephi Network Visualization, 978-1-78398-734-4

6. https://www.census.gov/topics/population/migration/guidance/metro-to-metro-migration-flows.html

7. https://www.census.gov/topics/population/migration/guidance/state-to-state-migration-flows.html

8. https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2014/demo/p20-574.html

Thank you!!