Extreme Weather

125班29號賴昱錡

Index

COP26

Glasgow Climate Pact

Definition &

Origin

• Extreme weather or extreme climate events includes unexpected, unusual, severe, or unseasonal weather; weather at the extremes of the historical distribution—the range that has been seen in the past.
• Extreme events are based on a location's recorded weather history and defined as lying in the most unusual ten percent.

Extreme weather

Why?

In recent years, man-made global warming, changes in ocean currents, and changes in air pressure are considered to be the causes of extreme weather.

RCP: Representative Concentration Pathways

(代表濃度路徑) 

A RCP is a greenhouse gas concentration (not emissions) trajectory adopted by the IPCC.

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Extreme Weather Event

• Shift mean
• Increased variability
• Changed Symmetry

Types of extreme weather events

• Climate change may affect the type, frequency and intensity of these extreme events.
• In terms of rainfall, seasonal rainfall is uneven, and the difference between wet and dry seasons becomes larger.
• Rainfall polarization(降雨兩極化) is usually more pronounced in areas with distinct wet and dry seasons

How climate change affect the extreme events?

Temperature changing

Hot wave

• A period of abnormally hot weather generally lasting more than two days.
• Occuring with or without high humidity. 
• The result of trapped air.
• Heat and sunlight may overheat the human body

High pressure in the upper atmosphere traps heat near the ground, forming a heat wave.

• A weather phenomenon that is distinguished by a cooling of the air
• Caused by movements of air streams.
• It can cause death and injury to livestock and wildlife.

Cold waves

• Generally being capable of occurring at any geological location and are formed by large cool air masses that accumulate over certain regions, caused by movements of air streams.
• Cold waves affect much larger areas than blizzards, ice storms, and other winter hazards.

• A rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center.
•  Closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and/or squalls.

Tropical cyclones

Ice storms

• A type of winter storm characterized by freezing rain.

Warm arctic / Cold continents

Solution

• Keep fossil fuels in the ground.
• Invest in renewable energy.
• Switch to sustainable transport.
• Help us keep our homes cosy.
• Improve farming and encourage vegan diets.
• Restore nature to absorb more carbon.

What are the solutions to climate change?

• Protect forests like the Amazon. 
• Protect the oceans.
• Reduce how much people consume.
• Reduce plastic.

Solution

Adaption Pathway

Definition

An adaptation pathway is a decision-making strategy that is made up of a sequence of manageable steps or decision-points over time. Characteristics of the strategy are: Each decision-point is triggered by some change (environmental or social)

TaiCCAT

Urban Resilience

Urban resilience is the capacity of a city’s systems, businesses, institutions, communities, and individuals to survive, adapt, and grow, no matter what chronic stresses and acute shocks they experience.

Engineering Method -> Adaption

• "TaiCCAT" is developed by the Ministry of Science and Technology with reference to the relevant international adaptation assessment framework
• Considering the current domestic situation. 

Easy Quiz

There may be more than one correct answer.

Question:

Choose the imcorrect statements:

(A)TaiCCAT consists of six-step process.

(B)The hot/heat wave forms in low pressure environment.

(C)A RCP is a greenhouse gas concentration (equals to CO2 emissions).

(D)"Warm Arctic, Cold Continents” trend pattern is due to sea ice loss.

(E)In adaption pathway, each decision-point is triggered by some change (environmental or social).

Ans: (B)(C)

End of the lectures.

That brings me to the end of my presentation, thanks for your attention.

Reference: Wikipedia、Greenpeace、adapt.epa.gov.tw、選修地科課本......