• Reputation Bootstrapping is assessing the reputation of newly deployed web Services.
• It is a major issue in service oriented environments because historical information often isn't present regarding newcomer behaviors.
• The author examine different techniques for fairly and accurately bootstrapping newcomer's reputation in a service oriented environment.

Introduction

Newcomer with No History Register

For each consumer define 

Ri=Di/Ti

Di=No of defected Transactions that consumer i had undertaken

Ti=Total no of Transactions that consumer i had undertaken

If a newcomer has completed sufficient transactions, we compute weighted average of all Ri's, weights can be assigned according to the contributing rater's creditability.

Else We can ask community provider to bootstrap newcomer's reputation

Case 1 : Default Initial Reputation

• Upon Registration , the newcomer can present some credentials that let it buy initial reputation from the community provider. The newcomer might belong to the same service provider group as an existing reputable service.
• Newcomers can present credentials of any service willing to endorse them.
• Alternatively, the community provider can assign an average of all providers' reputations

Case 2 : Initial Reputation Evaluation 

• The provider determine the evaluation period, and the newcomer has no knowledge of how long it is or how many transactions occur during this time.
• The community providers uses services with high credibility(elders)  to evaluate the newcomer. The provider then weighs the feedback according to elder's credibility.
• In some situations elders might have to pay for newcomer's services. After a transaction completes, the credit agency tells the newcomer about the fake charged account and evaluators return any tangible items delivered.