Research in

History

Prof. Sarah Cohn

3/30/26

Africa before 1500

Introduction

Types of Sources

Databases

Searching

Getting Help

Introduction

A few thoughts to get us started.

Why Library?

  • One isn't better than the other

    • Different information needs require different places to search.

  • The library is a resource for you as CCNY students

    • Utilize all the tools available to you. 

    • Librarians are nice and helpful!

LLMs & Generative AI

  • Fake sources

  • Cognitive offloading

    • What do you give up when you outsource thinking and the process of learning to a machine?

  • Howe we learn!

    • Process, problem solving, failure

  • Environmental concerns

    • Is it worth it?

Searching as (strategic) Exploration

  • Searching for information is often nonlinear and iterative.

  • You might not find the exact 'answer' to your questions.

  • Think of your sources as puzzle pieces, each with their own bit of information or context that work together to provide a complete picture.

Types of Sources

Know what you're looking for.

Scholarly

Popular

  • Author & Audience

    • by journalists for the general public

  • Publication

    • newspaper or magazine

  • Content

    • human interest hook, photos, little or no specialized language, background on topic

  • Citations

    • links within the text

  • Author & Audience

    • by academics & researchers for other academics & researchers

  • Publication

    • peer reviewed journal

  • Content

    • original research, data, findings, theoretical framework, specialized language

  • Citations

    • Works cited or bibliography

Secondary

Primary

  • Created at the time, or recalled by an eyewitness

  • Provides firsthand accounts

  • Letters, diaries, art, administrative records,  photographs, newspapers

  • Analyze and interpret primary sources

  • Provides theory, analysis, critical engagement

  • Scholarly, peer reviewed journal articles, books

  • Summarize and digest the information in primary and secondary sources

  • Provides background and general overviews
  • Encyclopedias, textbooks

Tertiary

Databases

Where to search.

Academic Search Complete

An easy to use multi-disciplinary database. Be sure to add the filter for Peer Reviewed to get scholarly sources.

JSTOR

Scholarly articles and book chapters on a range of topics. Very strong in history, although most of the articles are 5+ years old.

Project Muse

Current and archival scholarly sources on a range of topics with good history coverage.

OneSearch

Multi-disciplinary database with books, peer-reviewed journal articles, & media.

library.ccny.cuny.edu

library.ccny.cuny.edu/africanhistory

Research guide with recommended databases, books, and primary source sources collected in on place.

Searching

How to search.

Think about different ways to describe your topic in individual words or phrases.

1.

Identify your key words

Combine 2 or more search terms, adding any relevant filters.

2.

Build a search & test it out

Do the results look promising, interesting, or relevant? If not, change a search term and try again.

 

Repeat until you're seeing relevant articles.

3.

Evaluate the results & change the search as needed

Getting Help

Sarah Cohn

scohn@ccny.cuny.edu

ccny.libcal.com/appointments/scohn

 

Reference Desk

Monday-Friday 10am-7pm

Friday 10am-4pm

library.ccny.cuny.edu/chat

Africa before 1500 Spring 2026

By Sarah Cohn

Africa before 1500 Spring 2026

Yaari Felber-Seligman

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