Electron 入門教學
講者:土豆
時間:2020/03/21
大綱
- Electron簡介
- 製作 clipboard 小程式
- 所以,我應該用 electron嗎?
Electron 簡介
什麼是 Electron
- 圖形介面桌面程式開發框架
- 可使用前端技術(JavaScript, HTML, CSS)開發
- Vue, React, Angular, Bootstrap, jQuery 都可以使用歐
Atwood's Law
Any application that cat be written in JavaScript, will eventually be written in JavaScript.
(Stack Overflow 創辦人)
為什麼要用 Electron?
- 會寫前端就會用
- 可以用你最喜歡(或討厭)的前端技術
- 跨平台(Windows, MacOS, Linux)
為什麼不要用 Electron?
- 相較於原生語言較為緩慢
- 打包了一個chromium,即便是很簡單的小程式也有一定的檔案大小
- 資源消耗較多
- 並不是真的只需要一份 code 就可以跨平台
使用 Electron 製作的軟體
- Atom
- Visual Studio Code
- Slack
- Discord
- ......
製作 clipboard 小程式
目標
- 自動記錄複製過的文字
- 隨時可以重新複製回來
建立環境
npx create-electron-app electron_clipboard
npx:使用完即刪除,不佔空間
npm install -g create-electron-app # 可能需要加sudo
npx create-electron-app electron_clipboard
如果上面指令不行,試試下面的
需要先裝好 node 以及 git
index.js
const { app, BrowserWindow } = require('electron');
const path = require('path');
// Handle creating/removing shortcuts on Windows when installing/uninstalling.
if (require('electron-squirrel-startup')) { // eslint-disable-line global-require
app.quit();
}
const createWindow = () => {
// Create the browser window.
const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
width: 800,
height: 600,
// 加入下面三行開啟在browser端import module的功能
webPreferences: {
contextIsolation: false,
nodeIntegration: true
}
});
// and load the index.html of the app.
mainWindow.loadFile(path.join(__dirname, 'index.html'));
// // Open the DevTools.
// mainWindow.webContents.openDevTools();
};
// This method will be called when Electron has finished
// initialization and is ready to create browser windows.
// Some APIs can only be used after this event occurs.
app.on('ready', createWindow);
// Quit when all windows are closed, except on macOS. There, it's common
// for applications and their menu bar to stay active until the user quits
// explicitly with Cmd + Q.
app.on('window-all-closed', () => {
if (process.platform !== 'darwin') {
app.quit();
}
});
app.on('activate', () => {
// On OS X it's common to re-create a window in the app when the
// dock icon is clicked and there are no other windows open.
if (BrowserWindow.getAllWindows().length === 0) {
createWindow();
}
});
// In this file you can include the rest of your app's specific main process
// code. You can also put them in separate files and import them here.
請修改成以下程式碼
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Hello World!</title>
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.0.0-beta2/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" integrity="sha384-BmbxuPwQa2lc/FVzBcNJ7UAyJxM6wuqIj61tLrc4wSX0szH/Ev+nYRRuWlolflfl" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="index.css">
<script defer src="render.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>剪貼簿</h1>
<button id="pasteBtn" class="btn btn-primary">貼入剪貼簿</button>
<div id="textList"></div>
</body>
</html>
請修改成以下html
render.js
const { clipboard } = require('electron');
const textList = document.getElementById('textList');
const pasteBtn = document.getElementById('pasteBtn');
let itemId = 0;
function copyTextToClipboard(itemId) {
let text = document.getElementById(itemId).getElementsByTagName('span')[0].textContent;
clipboard.writeText(text);
}
function removeTextFromPage(itemId) {
document.getElementById(itemId).remove();
}
function pastCliboarTextToPage() {
let textFromClipboard = clipboard.readText();
textList.innerHTML += '<div id="' + itemId + '"class="m-3"><span class="mx-2">' +
textFromClipboard +
'</span><button class="btn btn-sm btn-success" onclick="copyTextToClipboard(' + itemId + ')">複製</button>' +
'<button class="btn btn-sm btn-danger" onclick="removeTextFromPage(' + itemId + ')">刪除</button>' +
'</div>';
itemId += 1;
}
pasteBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
pastCliboarTextToPage();
});
請新增檔案並新增以下程式碼
所以,我應該用 electron嗎?
- 受限於Chromium,人家沒做的就不能用(e.g. clipboard listener)
- 新技術,文件有點少
- 檔案太大
但是...
- 你可以叫前端工程師寫桌面程式!(人力costdown,money up up up)
- 寫起來蠻有趣的
- 專案持續開發維護中(只要vscode不倒,就不會倒)
所以...就看你個人考量
- 團隊成員熟悉前端技術?
- 開發時間?
- Electron做得到你想做的事?
參考資料
- Jeff Atwood. 2021/03/20 retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Atwood
- clipboard. 2021/03/20 retrieved from: https://www.electronjs.org/docs/api/clipboard
- Electron “require is not defined”. 2021/03/20 retrieved from: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54544519/electron-require-is-not-defined
Electron 入門教學
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