REACT EVEN FASTER

SPEAKER

REACT INTRO

LIBRARY

COMPONENTS

Templates Components
Separations of concerns Technology (HTML/CSS) Responsibility "Display UI"

Semantic
New concepts (scope, directives, iterators) HTML and JavaScript
Expressiveness  Underpowered Full power of JavaScript

JSX

  1. Syntax sugar HTML-like markup
  2. Declarative description of the UI inlined in JS
  3. Combines easy-of-use templates with power of JS
  4. Preprocessor translates to plain JS on the fly

VIRTUAL DOM

  1. Create lightweight description of the component UI
  2. Diff it with the old one
  3. Compute minimal set of changes to apply to the DOM
  4. Batch execute all updates

SIMPLE COMPONENT

import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";

class HelloMessage extends React.Component {
  render() {
    return <div>Hello {this.props.name}</div>;
  }
}

const mountNode = document.getElementById("root");

ReactDOM.render(
    <HelloMessage name="Taylor" />,
    mountNode
);

STATEFUL COMPONENT

import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";

class Timer extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.state = { seconds: 0 };
  }

  tick() {
    this.setState(prevState => ({
      seconds: prevState.seconds + 1
    }));
  }

  componentDidMount() {
    this.interval = setInterval(() => this.tick(), 1000);
  }

  componentWillUnmount() {
    clearInterval(this.interval);
  }

  render() {
    return <div>Seconds: {this.state.seconds}</div>;
  }
}

const mountNode = document.getElementById("root");

ReactDOM.render(<Timer />, mountNode);

SIMPLE APPLICATION

import React from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";

class TodoApp extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.state = { items: [], text: "" };
    this.handleChange = this.handleChange.bind(this);
    this.handleSubmit = this.handleSubmit.bind(this);
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        <h3>TODO</h3>
        <TodoList items={this.state.items} />
        <form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
          <label htmlFor="new-todo">What needs to be done?</label>
          <input
            id="new-todo"
            onChange={this.handleChange}
            value={this.state.text}
          />
          <button>Add #{this.state.items.length + 1}</button>
        </form>
      </div>
    );
  }

  handleChange(e) {
    this.setState({ text: e.target.value });
  }

  handleSubmit(e) {
    e.preventDefault();
    if (!this.state.text.length) {
      return;
    }
    const newItem = {
      text: this.state.text,
      id: Date.now()
    };
    this.setState(prevState => ({
      items: prevState.items.concat(newItem),
      text: ""
    }));
  }
}

class TodoList extends React.Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <ul>
        {this.props.items.map(item => <li key={item.id}>{item.text}</li>)}
      </ul>
    );
  }
}

const mountNode = document.getElementById("root");

ReactDOM.render(<TodoApp />, mountNode);

REACT BASIC

SYNTAX EXTENSION

function formatName(user) {
  return user.firstName + ' ' + user.lastName;
}

const user = {
  firstName: 'Harper',
  lastName: 'Perez'
};

const element = (
  <h1>
    Hello, {formatName(user)}
  </h1>
);

ReactDOM.render(
  element,
  document.getElementById('root')
);

IMMUTABLE ELEMENTS

function tick() {
  const element = (
    <div>
      <h1>
        Hello, world!
      </h1>
      <h2>
        It is {new Date().toLocaleTimeString()}.
      </h2>
    </div>
  );
  ReactDOM.render(
    element,
    document.getElementById('root')
  );
}

setInterval(tick, 1000);

COMPONENTS & PROPS

// functional component

function Welcome(props) {
  return <h1>Hello, {props.name}</h1>;
}

// class component

class Welcome extends React.Component {
  render() {
    return <h1>Hello, {this.props.name}</h1>;
  }
}

STATE & LIFECYCLE

class Clock extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.state = {date: new Date()};
  }

  componentDidMount() {
    this.timerID = setInterval(
      () => this.tick(),
      1000
    );
  }

  componentWillUnmount() {
    clearInterval(this.timerID);
  }

  tick() {
    this.setState({
      date: new Date()
    });
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        <h1>Hello, world!</h1>
        <h2>It is {this.state.date.toLocaleTimeString()}.</h2>
      </div>
    );
  }
}

ReactDOM.render(
  <Clock />,
  document.getElementById('root')
);

HANDLING EVENTS

class Toggle extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.state = {isToggleOn: true};

    // This binding is necessary to make `this` work in the callback
    this.handleClick = this.handleClick.bind(this);
  }

  handleClick() {
    this.setState(prevState => ({
      isToggleOn: !prevState.isToggleOn
    }));
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <button onClick={this.handleClick}>
        {this.state.isToggleOn ? 'ON' : 'OFF'}
      </button>
    );
  }
}

ReactDOM.render(
  <Toggle />,
  document.getElementById('root')
);

CONDITIONAL RENDERING

class LoginControl extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.handleLoginClick = this.handleLoginClick.bind(this);
    this.handleLogoutClick = this.handleLogoutClick.bind(this);
    this.state = {isLoggedIn: false};
  }

  handleLoginClick() {
    this.setState({isLoggedIn: true});
  }

  handleLogoutClick() {
    this.setState({isLoggedIn: false});
  }

  render() {
    const isLoggedIn = this.state.isLoggedIn;

    let button = null;
    if (isLoggedIn) {
      button = <LogoutButton onClick={this.handleLogoutClick} />;
    } else {
      button = <LoginButton onClick={this.handleLoginClick} />;
    }

    return (
      <div>
        <Greeting isLoggedIn={isLoggedIn} />
        {button}
      </div>
    );
  }
}

ReactDOM.render(
  <LoginControl />,
  document.getElementById('root')
);

LIST & KEYS

function ListItem(props) {
  // Correct! There is no need to specify the key here:
  return <li>{props.value}</li>;
}

function NumberList(props) {
  const numbers = props.numbers;
  const listItems = numbers.map((number) =>
    // Correct! Key should be specified inside the array.
    <ListItem key={number.toString()}
              value={number} />
  );
  return (
    <ul>
      {listItems}
    </ul>
  );
}

const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
ReactDOM.render(
  <NumberList numbers={numbers} />,
  document.getElementById('root')
);

CONTROLLED COMPONENTS

class NameForm extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.state = {value: ''};

    this.handleChange = this.handleChange.bind(this);
    this.handleSubmit = this.handleSubmit.bind(this);
  }

  handleChange(event) {
    this.setState({value: event.target.value});
  }

  handleSubmit(event) {
    alert('A name was submitted: ' + this.state.value);
    event.preventDefault();
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
        <label>
          Name:
          <input type="text" value={this.state.value} onChange={this.handleChange} />
        </label>
        <input type="submit" value="Submit" />
      </form>
    );
  }
}

LIFTING STATE UP

class Calculator extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.handleCelsiusChange = this.handleCelsiusChange.bind(this);
    this.handleFahrenheitChange = this.handleFahrenheitChange.bind(this);
    this.state = {temperature: '', scale: 'c'};
  }

  handleCelsiusChange(temperature) {
    this.setState({scale: 'c', temperature});
  }

  handleFahrenheitChange(temperature) {
    this.setState({scale: 'f', temperature});
  }

  render() {
    const scale = this.state.scale;
    const temperature = this.state.temperature;
    const celsius = scale === 'f' ? tryConvert(temperature, toCelsius) : temperature;
    const fahrenheit = scale === 'c' ? tryConvert(temperature, toFahrenheit) : temperature;

    return (
      <div>
        <TemperatureInput
          scale="c"
          temperature={celsius}
          onTemperatureChange={this.handleCelsiusChange} />
        <TemperatureInput
          scale="f"
          temperature={fahrenheit}
          onTemperatureChange={this.handleFahrenheitChange} />
        <BoilingVerdict
          celsius={parseFloat(celsius)} />
      </div>
    );
  }
}

COMPOSITION

// Containment

function FancyBorder(props) {
  return (
    <div className={'FancyBorder FancyBorder-' + props.color}>
      {props.children}
    </div>
  );
}

function WelcomeDialog() {
  return (
    <FancyBorder color="blue">
      <h1 className="Dialog-title">
        Welcome
      </h1>
      <p className="Dialog-message">
        Thank you for visiting our spacecraft!
      </p>
    </FancyBorder>
  );
}

// Specialization

function Dialog(props) {
  return (
    <FancyBorder color="blue">
      <h1 className="Dialog-title">
        {props.title}
      </h1>
      <p className="Dialog-message">
        {props.message}
      </p>
    </FancyBorder>
  );
}

function WelcomeDialog() {
  return (
    <Dialog
      title="Welcome"
      message="Thank you for visiting our spacecraft!" />
  );
}

WORKFLOW

  1. Start with a mock
  2. Break the UI into a component hierarchy
  3. Build a static version in React
  4. Identify the minimal (but complete) representation of UI state
  5. Identify where your state should live
  6. Add inverse data flow

REACT TESTING

JEST

import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
import * as TestUtils from 'react-dom/test-utils';
import CheckboxWithLabel from '../CheckboxWithLabel';

it('CheckboxWithLabel changes the text after click', () => {
  // Render a checkbox with label in the document
  const checkbox = TestUtils.renderIntoDocument(
    <CheckboxWithLabel labelOn="On" labelOff="Off" />
  );

  const checkboxNode = ReactDOM.findDOMNode(checkbox);

  // Verify that it's Off by default
  expect(checkboxNode.textContent).toEqual('Off');

  // Simulate a click and verify that it is now On
  TestUtils.Simulate.change(
    TestUtils.findRenderedDOMComponentWithTag(checkbox, 'input')
  );
  expect(checkboxNode.textContent).toEqual('On');
});

ENZYME

import React from 'react';
import { expect } from 'chai';
import { shallow } from 'enzyme';
import sinon from 'sinon';

import MyComponent from './MyComponent';
import Foo from './Foo';

describe('<MyComponent />', () => {
  it('renders three <Foo /> components', () => {
    const wrapper = shallow(<MyComponent />);
    expect(wrapper.find(Foo)).to.have.length(3);
  });

  it('renders an `.icon-star`', () => {
    const wrapper = shallow(<MyComponent />);
    expect(wrapper.find('.icon-star')).to.have.length(1);
  });

  it('renders children when passed in', () => {
    const wrapper = shallow(
      <MyComponent>
        <div className="unique" />
      </MyComponent>
    );
    expect(wrapper.contains(<div className="unique" />)).to.equal(true);
  });

  it('simulates click events', () => {
    const onButtonClick = sinon.spy();
    const wrapper = shallow(
      <Foo onButtonClick={onButtonClick} />
    );
    wrapper.find('button').simulate('click');
    expect(onButtonClick).to.have.property('callCount', 1);
  });
});

SNAPSHOTS

import React from 'react';
import Link from '../Link.react';
import renderer from 'react-test-renderer';

it('renders correctly', () => {
  const tree = renderer.create(
    <Link page="http://www.facebook.com">Facebook</Link>
  ).toJSON();
  expect(tree).toMatchSnapshot();
});

// Snapshot file

exports[`renders correctly 1`] = `
<a
  className="normal"
  href="http://www.facebook.com"
  onMouseEnter={[Function]}
  onMouseLeave={[Function]}
>
  Facebook
</a>
`;

REACT ADVANCED

JSX

// React import

import React from 'react';
import CustomButton from './CustomButton';

function WarningButton() {
  // return React.createElement(CustomButton, {color: 'red'}, null);
  return <CustomButton color="red" />;
}

// ...props

function App1() {
  return <Greeting firstName="Ben" lastName="Hector" />;
}

function App2() {
  const props = {firstName: 'Ben', lastName: 'Hector'};
  return <Greeting {...props} />;
}

// && and 0

<div>
  {props.messages.length > 0 &&
    <MessageList messages={props.messages} />
  }
</div>

PROP TYPES

import PropTypes from 'prop-types';

MyComponent.propTypes = {
  // You can declare that a prop is a specific JS primitive. By default, these
  // are all optional.
  optionalArray: PropTypes.array,
  optionalBool: PropTypes.bool,
  optionalFunc: PropTypes.func,
  optionalNumber: PropTypes.number,
  optionalObject: PropTypes.object,
  optionalString: PropTypes.string,
  optionalSymbol: PropTypes.symbol,

  // Anything that can be rendered: numbers, strings, elements or an array
  // (or fragment) containing these types.
  optionalNode: PropTypes.node,

  // A React element.
  optionalElement: PropTypes.element,

  // You can also declare that a prop is an instance of a class. This uses
  // JS's instanceof operator.
  optionalMessage: PropTypes.instanceOf(Message),

  // You can ensure that your prop is limited to specific values by treating
  // it as an enum.
  optionalEnum: PropTypes.oneOf(['News', 'Photos']),

  // An object that could be one of many types
  optionalUnion: PropTypes.oneOfType([
    PropTypes.string,
    PropTypes.number,
    PropTypes.instanceOf(Message)
  ]),

  // An array of a certain type
  optionalArrayOf: PropTypes.arrayOf(PropTypes.number),

  // An object with property values of a certain type
  optionalObjectOf: PropTypes.objectOf(PropTypes.number),

  // An object taking on a particular shape
  optionalObjectWithShape: PropTypes.shape({
    color: PropTypes.string,
    fontSize: PropTypes.number
  }),

  // You can chain any of the above with `isRequired` to make sure a warning
  // is shown if the prop isn't provided.
  requiredFunc: PropTypes.func.isRequired,

  // A value of any data type
  requiredAny: PropTypes.any.isRequired,

  // You can also specify a custom validator. It should return an Error
  // object if the validation fails. Don't `console.warn` or throw, as this
  // won't work inside `oneOfType`.
  customProp: function(props, propName, componentName) {
    if (!/matchme/.test(props[propName])) {
      return new Error(
        'Invalid prop `' + propName + '` supplied to' +
        ' `' + componentName + '`. Validation failed.'
      );
    }
  },

  // You can also supply a custom validator to `arrayOf` and `objectOf`.
  // It should return an Error object if the validation fails. The validator
  // will be called for each key in the array or object. The first two
  // arguments of the validator are the array or object itself, and the
  // current item's key.
  customArrayProp: PropTypes.arrayOf(function(propValue, key, componentName, location, propFullName) {
    if (!/matchme/.test(propValue[key])) {
      return new Error(
        'Invalid prop `' + propFullName + '` supplied to' +
        ' `' + componentName + '`. Validation failed.'
      );
    }
  })
};

// Specifies the default values for props:
MyComponent.defaultProps = {
  name: 'Stranger'
};

REFS & DOM

class CustomTextInput extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.focus = this.focus.bind(this);
  }

  focus() {
    // Explicitly focus the text input using the raw DOM API
    this.textInput.focus();
  }

  render() {
    // The ref attribute takes a callback function, 
    // and the callback will be executed immediately after the component is mounted or unmounted.
    // Use the `ref` callback to store a reference to the text input DOM
    // element in an instance field (for example, this.textInput).
    return (
      <div>
        <input
          type="text"
          ref={input => this.textInput = input} />
        <input
          type="button"
          value="Focus the text input"
          onClick={this.focus}
        />
      </div>
    );
  }
}

UNCONTROLLED COMPONENTS

class NameForm extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.handleSubmit = this.handleSubmit.bind(this);
  }

  handleSubmit(event) {
    alert('A name was submitted: ' + this.input.value);
    event.preventDefault();
  }

  render() {
    return (
      <form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
        <label>
          Name:
          <input type="text" defaultValue="Bob" ref={(input) => this.input = input} />
        </label>
        <input type="submit" value="Submit" />
      </form>
    );
  }
}

PERFORMANCE

  1. Use the production build (NODE_ENV=production)
  2. Profiling components with the Chrome performance tab (?react_perf)
  3. Avoid reconciliation (shouldComponentUpdate: false)
  4. Avoid mutating data (Object.assign(), Immutable.js)

RECONCILIATI O(n)

  1. Two elements of different types will produce different trees
  2. Developer can hint at which child elements may be stable across different renders with a 'key' prop

CONTEXT

const PropTypes = require('prop-types');

class Button extends React.Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <button style={{background: this.context.color}}>
        {this.props.children}
      </button>
    );
  }
}

Button.contextTypes = {
  color: PropTypes.string
};

class Message extends React.Component {
  render() {
    return (
      <div>
        {this.props.text} <Button>Delete</Button>
      </div>
    );
  }
}

class MessageList extends React.Component {
  getChildContext() {
    return {color: "purple"};
  }

  render() {
    const children = this.props.messages.map((message) =>
      <Message text={message.text} />
    );
    return <div>{children}</div>;
  }
}

MessageList.childContextTypes = {
  color: PropTypes.string
};

WEB COMPONENTS

// Using Web Components in React

class HelloMessage extends React.Component {
  render() {
    return <div>Hello <x-search>{this.props.name}</x-search>!</div>;
  }
}

// Using React in Web Components

const proto = Object.create(HTMLElement.prototype, {
  attachedCallback: {
    value: function() {
      const mountPoint = document.createElement('span');
      this.createShadowRoot().appendChild(mountPoint);

      const name = this.getAttribute('name');
      const url = 'https://www.google.com/search?q=' + encodeURIComponent(name);
      ReactDOM.render(<a href={url}>{name}</a>, mountPoint);
    }
  }
});
document.registerElement('x-search', {prototype: proto});

HOC PATTERN

const CommentListWithSubscription = withSubscription(
  CommentList,
  (DataSource) => DataSource.getComments()
);

const BlogPostWithSubscription = withSubscription(
  BlogPost,
  (DataSource, props) => DataSource.getBlogPost(props.id)
);


// This function takes a component...
function withSubscription(WrappedComponent, selectData) {
  // ...and returns another component...
  return class extends React.Component {
    constructor(props) {
      super(props);
      this.handleChange = this.handleChange.bind(this);
      this.state = {
        data: selectData(DataSource, props)
      };
    }

    componentDidMount() {
      // ... that takes care of the subscription...
      DataSource.addChangeListener(this.handleChange);
    }

    componentWillUnmount() {
      DataSource.removeChangeListener(this.handleChange);
    }

    handleChange() {
      this.setState({
        data: selectData(DataSource, this.props)
      });
    }

    render() {
      // ... and renders the wrapped component with the fresh data!
      // Notice that we pass through any additional props
      return <WrappedComponent data={this.state.data} {...this.props} />;
    }
  };
}

// connect is a function that returns another function
const enhance = connect(commentListSelector, commentListActions);
// The returned function is an HOC, which returns a component that is connected
// to the Redux store
const ConnectedComment = enhance(CommentList);

INTEGRATION

  1. Integrating with DOM manipulation plugin (<div />)
  2. Integrating with other view libs (ReactDOM.render())
  3. Integrating with model layers (events, forceUpdate())

REACT FIBER

RENDER

  1. Reconciler (React) 
  2. Re-render (ReactDOM, React native, Black magic)

UPDATE

import { createElement } from './createElement.js';
import { hasChanged } from './hasChanged.js';
import { updateProps } from './propHandler.js';

export function updateDOM($parent, newNode, oldNode, index = 0) {
    if (!oldNode) {
        $parent.appendChild(createElement(newNode));
    } else if (!newNode) {
        $parent.removeChild($parent.childNodes[index]);
    } else if (hasChanged(newNode, oldNode)) {
        $parent.replaceChild(createElement(newNode), $parent.childNodes[index]);
    } else if (newNode.type) {
        updateProps($parent.childNodes[index], newNode.props,oldNode.props );
        const newLength = newNode.children.length;
        const oldLength = oldNode.children.length;
        for (let i = 0; i < newLength || i < oldLength; i++) {
            updateDOM($parent.childNodes[index], newNode.children[i], oldNode.children[i], i);
        }
    }
}

CONCEPT

  1. Scheduling:
     - requestAnimationFrame
     - requestIdleCallback
  2. Prioritizing:
module.exports = {
    NoWork: 0,
    SynchronousPriority: 1, // user input
    TaskPriority: 2,        // hover
    AnimationPriority: 3,   // dimensions, sizes 
    HighPriority: 4,        // scrolling
    LowPriority: 5,         // component re-rendering after new data from store arrived
    OffscreenPriority: 6    // not visible elements
};

ADVANTAGES

  1. Virtual DOM Elements + (Number, Array, String)
  2. Error boundaries
  3. Production (Facebook, Instragram)

REACT OUTRO

TOOLS

DEMOS

EVEN MORE

React Even Faster

By Roman Stremedlovskyi

React Even Faster

JavaScript Mentoring in EPAM Systems

  • 1,713