1. extract image-related features 2. train model on normative dataset to predict age 3. obtain predicted ages on test set 4. compute brain-predicted age difference ( brainPAD ) 5. make inference: accelerated/ delayed aging brainPAD framework b r a i n P A D = a g e ^ b r a i n − a g e c h r o n o l o g i c a l physical fitness mortality risk in elderly participants cognitive performance of psychiatric disorders mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease ~ brainAGE: Age Gap Estimate