Understanding Metaphors Using Emotions

Sunny Rai et al, 2018

• Why are metaphors important?
• Nominal metaphors
• The EMU model
• Evaluation
• Conclusion

0. Overview

102nd episode of Star Trek

1. subject-object structure

1. Nominal Metaphors

1. subject-object structure
2. latent emotion

1. Nominal Metaphors

1. subject-object structure
2. latent emotion
3. multiple valid senses

2. Nominal Metaphors

1. Property extraction
2. Emotion extraction
3. Property transfer

2. The EMU Model

1. Property extraction

• Search engine          pages mentioning S
• Window size of 3 sentences
• POS-tagger to select adjectives (P)
• Measure α(p,S)
• Upper threshold γ_U = 0.079
• Lower threshold γ_L = 0.072

2. The EMU Model

2. The EMU Model

2. Emotion extraction

• Emotion Profile (EP) for each p
• EP ∈ R⁶
• EP_i = α(p, e_i)

2. The EMU Model

2. Emotion extraction

2. The EMU Model

3. Property transfer

<T,S>

P =

2. The EMU Model

1. Baseline B T
2. Dataset: 75 nominal metaphors
3. Seven human evaluators
4. Score for each sense 1-5
5. Correct if at least 1 sense correct

3. Evaluation

P̂ =

p̂ ₁     p̂ ₂     p̂ ₃     p̂ ₄     p̂ ₅     p̂ ₆

p_i = arg max ( α(p, T )                

∀ p ∈P

3. Evaluation

B_T

EMU

83.82%

97.01%

Model

Accuracy

4. Conclusion

Imagery is everything to the Tamarians. It embodies their emotional states, their very thought processes. It's how they communicate, and it's how they think.