Classical Computers: What they cannot do?

• Exponential Scaling
• Optimization problems
• Chemical Compound Representation/Simulation
• Security Encryptions 

• All of these problems have exponential scaling in common
• This is a major hurdle with our classical computers and supercomputers too

Church-Turing Thesis

• Accepted rule:  It states that if a problem can be solved by a Turing machine, it can also be solved by a computational device.

• Extension on the Thesis: It states that a Turing machine (like a classical computer) can always efficiently simulate any computational model, even to simulate an inherently quantum computation.

Quantum Supremacy and what it beholds

• Quantum computers could efficiently solve a computation that a classical computer can only solve inefficiently, is known as Quantum Supremacy

• Google Quantum Supremacy- What did they do?-News article with technical terms
• Later-after qubit-Theoretically, if you reach a certain number of efficient qubits, usually said to 56, you can thereby simulate problems that a Classical computers nowhere can

Google Quantum

• Superconducting Bits
• Electrical Circuits to generate qubits
• Sycamore The 54-qubit QC by Google
• Compared to IBM, they actively release blogs and had a chance to meet one of them

Qubits and their properties

• Qubits or quantum bits are the fundamental building block for quantum information processes.
• Whereas conventional computers store and process data as a series of '1's and '0's. Quantum Computers can use Qubits.

• Property of Superposition
• Property of Entaglement
•  Quantum Supremacy slide

Property of Superposition

• At any given time, the qubit can be in a superposition of both 0 and 1
• Hence you are expanding your information space and this becomes more complex

Property of Entaglement

•  Quantum State of each particle cannot be described independently of the state of the others, even when the particles are separated by a large distance.
• So you can judge an adjacent's qubit's property by this qubit

Why do QCs have different rules to play by?

• Limitations of QCs: Suprise Quantum Computers aren't perfect. 
• Quantum Error Correction
• Qubit DeCoherence 

Demo