NodeJS

Overview

NodeJS

V8 &

libuv

NPM

NVM

JS

Let's not mix everything

NVM

What is NVM

  • NVM stands for Node Version Manager
  • NVM is a script which creates functions in your shell
  • NVM script is to be sourced in your shell
  • NVM manages Node, NPM, and V8 versions

See NVM github documentation

Specific files

  • ./.nvmrc
    • ​contains the node version to use locally
    • can exist in ~/ as a fallback

FEW NVM functions

echo 6 > ~/.nvmrc     # configure global version to install
echo 6 > ./.nvmrc     # configure local version to install
nvm i                 # install version from .nvmrc file
nvm i 7               # install latest 7.y.z version
nvm use               # use version from .nvmrc file
nvm use 7             # use latest 7.Y.Z version 
nvm ls                # list of installed versions
nvm ls-remote         # list existing versions
nvm alias default 6   # configure the active version when opening a shell
. $NVM_DIR/bash_completion # add autocompletion to your shell

autocompletion

node version management

NPM

What is npm

  • NPM stands for Node Package Manager
  • NPM is a binary
  • NPM manages packages versions globally and locally
  • NPM talks to registries to get packages info and content

See NPM documentation

Also see awesome NPM resources and tips

Specific files

  • ./package.json (mandatory)
    • package name, version, description, scripts, dependencies, ...
  • ./.npmignore (optional)
    • files to ignore when publishing and installing
  • ./.npmrc (optional)
    • registries to use

Few commands

npm ini               # create/update the package.json file locally
npm i                 # install all the deps in package.json (except peer deps)
npm i --production    # install all the deps in package.json (except peer and dev deps)
npm i -S lodash       # install a dep and save it in package.json
npm i -D lodash       # install a dep and save it in package.json (as dev dep)
npm i -SE lodash      # same as npm i -S but writes exact version
npm ls                # list locally installed packages
npm ls -g             # list globally installed packages
npm ls lodash         # list local packages having lodash as a dependency
npm uninstall lodash  # uninstall lodash locally (use save options to update package.json)
npm prune             # uninstall local packages not existing in package.json
npm run               # list lifecycle and custom scripts in package.json
npm run custom        # run custom script
npm run custom -- -a  # same but passing option -p to the script
npm start             # one of the lifecycle scripts ; they do not need "run" word
npm stop              # should stop the process the previous script has started
npm test              # should run tests
npm build             # should run build (also called when installing or linking this modules)

packages management

lifecycle and custom scripts

source <(npm completion) # add autocompletion to your shell

autocompletion

V8 & libuv

What is V8

  • V8 parses JS code to get Abstract Syntax Trees
  • V8 builds bytecode from it
  • V8 optimizes and compiles it dynamically and speculatively

See http://benediktmeurer.de/ for latest digested news about V8

V8 flags

Find V8 heap flags in heap.cc as FLAG_* variables

What is libuv

  • libuv implements the event loop for asynchronous I/O

See how nodejs works additional details

Node

What is Node

  • Node is a JS runtime environment
  • Node is server-side
  • Node is powered by the V8 engine
  • Node has a binary which runs JS files
  • Node has a set of core modules
  • Node has a some modules from the community...

See a curated list of Node modules from the community

Modules count

http://www.modulecounts.com/

Globals

  • require function lets you require other modules / files
  • module.exports references the exported module 
  • process.env exposes environment variables
  • process.env.NODE_ENV is used by dependencies and must equal "production" in production
  • process.cwd() is the current working directory
  • __dirname and __filename are to be used when reading package paths

Few commands

node                        # start the repl
node -v                     # echo node version
node index.js               # execute index.js
node --debug index.js       # execute index.js with debug agent
node --debug-brk index.js   # same but the script waits for you to join
node --inspect index.js     # execute index.js and show the link to the live inspector
node --inspect-brk index.js # same but the script waits for you to join

REPL

The Node REPL has few interesting commands you can list with ".help" in a REPL

> .help
.break    Sometimes you get stuck, this gets you out
.clear    Alias for .break
.editor   Enter editor mode
.exit     Exit the repl
.help     Print this help message
.load     Load JS from a file into the REPL session
.save     Save all evaluated commands in this REPL session to a file

You also have access to the repl module

> repl.repl.lines
[ 'repl.repl.lines', level: [] ]

To start the Node REPL, just type (with or witout options)

> node

Core concepts

Core concepts

  • CommonJS module format (aka CJS)
  • Asynchronous first
  • Event emitters, streams and buffers
  • Error-first callbacks pattern

Core modules

Code runner modules

vm

Run code in V8 virtual machine 

child_process

Run child processes

cluster

Fork workers in other 

Data transport modules

events

Implements basic event emitters 

Stream

Specialized event emitters transporting buffers or objects

Buffer

Wrapper for binary data

Contextual modules

Process

Process and env info, emitter of process events, exit

OS

OS info

Domain

(@deprecated) Execution context across async stacks

I/O modules

FS

Discuss with file system

Net

Discuss with sockets

http

HTTP over sockets

Create you first package

using http and fs to expose a file

using commander to implement a command

using config to handle configuration

using bunyan to log things

maybe using rabbitmq

Working with a private registry

= docker sonatype/nexus3 doc + sonatype official article

Private registry creation with docker

# create the data volume container
docker run -d --name nexus-data sonatype/nexus3 echo "data-only container for Nexus"
# create the nexus container using the latter
docker run -d -p 8081:8081 --name nexus --volumes-from nexus-data sonatype/nexus3
# ping till it works
curl -u admin:admin123 http://localhost:8081/service/metrics/ping
  • Go to http://localhost:8081/#admin/repository
  • Sign in with admin:admin123
  • Create 3 blob stores (npm-private, npm-registry, npm-group)
  • Create 3 npm repositories
    • npm-private: hosted npm using blob store npm-private
    • npm-registry: npm proxy using blob store npm-registry
    • npm-group: npm group using blob store npm-group, grouping the latters
  • Go to http://localhost:8081/#admin/security/realms
  • Activate npm Bearer Token Realm

Private registry usage

  • Choose a scope for your private packages (e.g. @scope)
    • package name becomes "@my-scope/my-package-name"
  • In you private package package.json file
  • Check what you've just done (mandatory)
  • Try publishing with npm same credentials admin:admin123
  • In any project depending on your private package
    • add the .npmrc file containing
      @my-scope:registry=http://localhost:8081/repository/npm-group/
    • try installing your private package from there

Publishing transpiled private module

Transpile source code

npm install --save-dev babel-cli babel-preset-env

{
  "presets": [
    ["env", { "targets": { "node": 5 } }]
  ]
}

Have this .babelrc file

Install babel

    "babel": "babel src --out-dir dist",
    "dev": "npm run babel -- --source-maps",

Have the following in package.json in "scripts" entry

npm run babel

Now you can run the following build

  "main": "dist/index.js",

Also ensure main script points to dist entry in package.json

Have some code in src/index.js

Publish transpiled code only

    "prepublish": "npm run babel",

Have the following in package.json in "scripts" entry

    "registry": "http://localhost:8081/repository/npm-private/"

Have the following in package.json in "publishConfig" entry

npm publish

Publish your module

src
.npmignore
.npmrc
.babelrc

Have this .npmignore file

You may have to login on this private registry !

Using this module

npm i -SE <your module name>

Now install 

registry=http://localhost:8081/repository/npm-group/

Have this .npmrc file

Using the Console

Console logger forever

  • util.inspect is used behind the scene -> you can
    • manage depth, colors, hidden props...
    • implement object's "inspect" method to customize output
  • console.trace adds a stack trace
  • console.time/timeEnd measure time durations

You know console.log

NodeJS console has some specificities

Debugging agents

Debugging choices

You can

  • log serialized objects
  • set breakpoints in code and really navigate
    • in objects
    • in stacks

NodeJS debugger agent

  • debugging utility accessible via a TCP-based protocol
  • debugging client
  • @deprecated

NodeJS debugging agent

node --debug=5858 index.js # 5858 is 
                           # default port
node debug localhost:5858
node index.js # pid=1234
node debug -p 1234

Local debug

Remote debug

node debug index.js

Via process ID (signal to start debugger + TCP)

Via TCP-based protocol

Debug example

break in index.js:7
  6 const server = createServer(
  7   (req, res) => {
> 8     fs.createReadStream('./package.json')
  9       .pipe(res);
  10  }

$ node index.js # pid 1234
Starting debugger agent.
Debugger listening on 127.0.0.1:5858
$ node debug -p 1234
connecting to 127.0.0.1:5858 ... ok
$ curl ...
debug> setBreakpoint('index.js', 8)

Local

Remote

User

debug> repl
Press Ctrl + C to leave debug repl
>

V8 inspector integration for NodeJS

  • V8 inspector
  • accessible via the Chrome debugging protocol
  • @experimental

V8 INSPECTOR INTEGRATION FOR NODEJS

Inspect

node --inspect=9229 index.js # 9229 is
                             # default port
Debugger listening on port 9229.
To start debugging, open the following URL in Chrome:
    chrome-devtools://devtools/b...

Inspect example

$ node --inspect index.js
Debugger listening on port 9229.
To start debugging,
open the following URL in Chrome:
    chrome-devtools://devtools/b...
$ curl ...

Local

Remote

User

Debugging commands

Node commands work because we tell it to interprete it with node

#!/usr/bin/env node

It can be run via

myCommand
node myCommand

or

node --debug myCommand

or even

There you can debug commands the same as other JS files

Profiling

Profile types

  • CPU
    • Usage
    • Garbage collector
  • Heap

CPU/memory activity overview

Profiling CPU

  • node --inspect
  • chrome://inspect

Profiling CPU (v8, node)

  • --prof

Profiling CPU (tracing)

  • --trace-events-enabled
  • --v8-options

Profiling CPU

Profiling heap

Profiling garbage collector

IDE integration

IDE integration

JetBrains NodeJS plugin

  • set run/debug configurations
  • add breakpoints in sources
  • and play

IDE integration

JetBrains NodeJS plugin configurations

debug with local or remote interpreter

Remote debug

Remote inspect

IDE integration

JetBrains NodeJS plugin advanced features

Working with source maps

Working with test suites

Execute transpiled code and break in sources

Run tests from IDE and 

Working With NodeJS remote interpreter through ssh

Run in your VM and debug in your IDE 

Working With NodeJS remote interpreter

remote node interpreter URI + path mapping = debug app run in VM

Commands

Write

#!/usr/bin/env node

const os = require("os");
const commander = require("commander");
const omelette = require("omelette");

const completion = omelette`mycommand ${[ 'start', 'stop' ]}`;
completion.init();

commander.command("completion")
  .action(() => process.stdout.write(completion.generateCompletionCode() + os.EOL));

commander.command("start")
  .action(() => console.log("start"));

commander.command("stop")
  .action(() => console.log("stop"));

commander.parse(process.argv);

Write in ./bin/mycommand.js

const completion = omelette`mycommand ${[ 'start', 'stop' ]}`;
completion.init();
commander.command("start")
  .action(() => console.log("start"));

commander.command("stop")
  .action(() => console.log("stop"));
commander.parse(process.argv);
commander.command("completion")
  .action(() => process.stdout.write(completion.generateCompletionCode() + os.EOL));

Publish

  "bin": {
    "mycommand": "bin/mycommand.js"
  },

Ensure package.json contains

Publish your package

npm publish

Install

Install the package previously written

Your command is linked in ./node_modules/.bin

./node_modules/.bin/
└── mycommand -> ../<package name>/bin/mycommand.js
npm i -SE <package name>

and accessible in package scripts

  "scripts": {
    "start": "mycommand start"
  },

and accessible in a shell

$(npm bin)/mycommand start # local install
mycommand start # global install

completion

export PATH=$PATH:./node_modules/.bin
source <(mycommand completion)

Ensure local commands are accessible by name

Source the command completion

?

NodeJS

By Alexis Tondelier

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NodeJS

Introduction to nodejs concepts and basic use

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