# A biological example of a passive visual sensor is the human
# eye

# A biological example of a passive visual sensor is the human
# eye. The human eye senses visual information by focusing the
# light emitted by our environment through a lens, located at
# the front of the eye

# A biological example of a passive visual sensor is the human
# eye. The human eye senses visual information by focusing the
# light emitted by our environment through a lens, located at
# the front of the eye, onto photoreceptors that comprise the 
# inner nerve lining of the eye, known as the retina

# A biological example of a passive visual sensor is the human
# eye. The human eye senses visual information by focusing the
# light emitted by our environment through a lens, located at
# the front of the eye, onto photoreceptors that comprise the 
# inner nerve lining of the eye, known as the retina. The
# optic nerve that connects the retina to the brain sends this
# information to the visual cortex to be interpreted

# A biological example of a passive visual sensor is the human
# eye. The human eye senses visual information by focusing the
# light emitted by our environment through a lens, located at
# the front of the eye, onto photoreceptors that comprise the 
# inner nerve lining of the eye, known as the retina. The
# optic nerve that connects the retina to the brain sends this
# information to the visual cortex to be interpreted

# The passive sensor in this example is specifically the 
# retina

# A biological example of a passive visual sensor is the human
# eye. The human eye senses visual information by focusing the
# light emitted by our environment through a lens, located at
# the front of the eye, onto photoreceptors that comprise the 
# inner nerve lining of the eye, known as the retina. The
# optic nerve that connects the retina to the brain sends this
# information to the visual cortex to be interpreted

# The passive sensor in this example is specifically the 
# retina. The other components of the eye, such as the lens, 
# are there either to protect the eye or aid the process of 
# sensing

# A biological example of a passive visual sensor is the human
# eye. The human eye senses visual information by focusing the
# light emitted by our environment through a lens, located at
# the front of the eye, onto photoreceptors that comprise the 
# inner nerve lining of the eye, known as the retina. The
# optic nerve that connects the retina to the brain sends this
# information to the visual cortex to be interpreted

# The passive sensor in this example is specifically the 
# retina. The other components of the eye, such as the lens, 
# are there either to protect the eye or aid the process of 
# sensing

# The end of the optic nerve that reads electrochemical 
# impulses information from the retina could be considered an
# active sensor

# Man-made inventions often take inspiration from the fruits 
# of evolution

# Man-made inventions often take inspiration from the fruits 
# of evolution. An example of a man-made passive visual sensor
# is the camera

# Man-made inventions often take inspiration from the fruits 
# of evolution. An example of a man-made passive visual sensor
# is the camera. Much like our eyes, the modern camera focuses
# light through a lens onto a sensor located inside the camera

# Man-made inventions often take inspiration from the fruits 
# of evolution. An example of a man-made passive visual sensor
# is the camera. Much like our eyes, the modern camera focuses
# light through a lens onto a sensor located inside the camera

# Again, the camera itself is not a sensor but is comprised of
# several components, such as a lens or a viewfinder to make
# the system more usable

# Man-made inventions often take inspiration from the fruits 
# of evolution. An example of a man-made passive visual sensor
# is the camera. Much like our eyes, the modern camera focuses
# light through a lens onto a sensor located inside the camera

# Again, the camera itself is not a sensor but is comprised of
# several components, such as a lens or a viewfinder to make
# the system more usable. The sensor inside the camera is the
# ACTUAL sensor

# Man-made inventions often take inspiration from the fruits 
# of evolution. An example of a man-made passive visual sensor
# is the camera. Much like our eyes, the modern camera focuses
# light through a lens onto a sensor located inside the camera

# Again, the camera itself is not a sensor but is comprised of
# several components, such as a lens or a viewfinder to make
# the system more usable. The sensor inside the camera is the
# ACTUAL sensor

# It is important to make this distinction now to avoid
# confusion later on

# Man-made inventions often take inspiration from the fruits 
# of evolution. An example of a man-made passive visual sensor
# is the camera. Much like our eyes, the modern camera focuses
# light through a lens onto a sensor located inside the camera

# Again, the camera itself is not a sensor but is comprised of
# several components, such as a lens or a viewfinder to make
# the system more usable. The sensor inside the camera is the
# ACTUAL sensor

# It is important to make this distinction now to avoid
# confusion later on. Colloquially, industries refer to the
# entire sensor-system, rather than just the sensor component, 
# as the sensor

# Man-made inventions often take inspiration from the fruits 
# of evolution. An example of a man-made passive visual sensor
# is the camera. Much like our eyes, the modern camera focuses
# light through a lens onto a sensor located inside the camera

# Again, the camera itself is not a sensor but is comprised of
# several components, such as a lens or a viewfinder to make
# the system more usable. The sensor inside the camera is the
# ACTUAL sensor

# It is important to make this distinction now to avoid
# confusion later on. Colloquially, industries refer to the
# entire sensor-system, rather than just the sensor component, 
# as the sensor. This is for simplicity of communication, and 
# I will use the term to describe both. We'll see this more 
# commonly in the case of active "sensors"

# A biological example of a passive auditory sensor is the ear

# A biological example of a passive auditory sensor is the ear
# Sound waves from the environment travel into the ear through 
# the ear canal and first reach the ear drum

# A biological example of a passive auditory sensor is the ear
# Sound waves from the environment travel into the ear through 
# the ear canal and first reach the ear drum. As the ear drum
# vibrates, it sets the osicular chain in motion

# A biological example of a passive auditory sensor is the ear
# Sound waves from the environment travel into the ear through 
# the ear canal and first reach the ear drum. As the ear drum
# vibrates, it sets the osicular chain in motion. The osicular
# chain transfers these vibrations to the inner ear, where the 
# resulting movement of fluid in the cochlea excites the hair 
# cells lining its inner wall

# A biological example of a passive auditory sensor is the ear
# Sound waves from the environment travel into the ear through 
# the ear canal and first reach the ear drum. As the ear drum
# vibrates, it sets the osicular chain in motion. The osicular
# chain transfers these vibrations to the inner ear, where the 
# resulting movement of fluid in the cochlea excites the hair 
# cells lining its inner wall. The movements of these hair 
# cells are translated to electrical signals and read by 
# auditory neurons

# A biological example of a passive auditory sensor is the ear
# Sound waves from the environment travel into the ear through 
# the ear canal and first reach the ear drum. As the ear drum
# vibrates, it sets the osicular chain in motion. The osicular
# chain transfers these vibrations to the inner ear, where the 
# resulting movement of fluid in the cochlea excites the hair 
# cells lining its inner wall. The movements of these hair 
# cells are translated to electrical signals and read by 
# auditory neurons

# Can you guess which part of this is the actual sensor?

# A biological example of a passive auditory sensor is the ear
# Sound waves from the environment travel into the ear through 
# the ear canal and first reach the ear drum. As the ear drum
# vibrates, it sets the osicular chain in motion. The osicular
# chain transfers these vibrations to the inner ear, where the 
# resulting movement of fluid in the cochlea excites the hair 
# cells lining its inner wall. The movements of these hair 
# cells are translated to electrical signals and read by 
# auditory neurons

# Can you guess which part of this is the actual sensor?
# Technically, you could argue that the ear drum and osicular 
# chain along with the hair cells are all sensors, since they 
# each respond to a physical property

# A biological example of a passive auditory sensor is the ear
# Sound waves from the environment travel into the ear through 
# the ear canal and first reach the ear drum. As the ear drum
# vibrates, it sets the osicular chain in motion. The osicular
# chain transfers these vibrations to the inner ear, where the 
# resulting movement of fluid in the cochlea excites the hair 
# cells lining its inner wall. The movements of these hair 
# cells are translated to electrical signals and read by 
# auditory neurons

# Can you guess which part of this is the actual sensor?
# Technically, you could argue that the ear drum and osicular 
# chain along with the hair cells are all sensors, since they 
# each respond to a physical property. The definition is broad
# enough to encompass them all, and I would agree that each
# qualifies as at least a direct sensor

# A biological example of a passive auditory sensor is the ear
# Sound waves from the environment travel into the ear through 
# the ear canal and first reach the ear drum. As the ear drum
# vibrates, it sets the osicular chain in motion. The osicular
# chain transfers these vibrations to the inner ear, where the 
# resulting movement of fluid in the cochlea excites the hair 
# cells lining its inner wall. The movements of these hair 
# cells are translated to electrical signals and read by 
# auditory neurons

# Can you guess which part of this is the actual sensor?
# Technically, you could argue that the ear drum and osicular 
# chain along with the hair cells are all sensors, since they 
# each respond to a physical property. The definition is broad
# enough to encompass them all, and I would agree that each
# qualifies as at least a direct sensor. Together, these 
# components comprise the remote auditory "sensor" of the ear

# A biological example of a passive auditory sensor is the ear
# Sound waves from the environment travel into the ear through 
# the ear canal and first reach the ear drum. As the ear drum
# vibrates, it sets the osicular chain in motion. The osicular
# chain transfers these vibrations to the inner ear, where the 
# resulting movement of fluid in the cochlea excites the hair 
# cells lining its inner wall. The movements of these hair 
# cells are translated to electrical signals and read by 
# auditory neurons
 

# A biological example of a passive auditory sensor is the ear
# Sound waves from the environment travel into the ear through 
# the ear canal and first reach the ear drum. As the ear drum
# vibrates, it sets the osicular chain in motion. The osicular
# chain transfers these vibrations to the inner ear, where the 
# resulting movement of fluid in the cochlea excites the hair 
# cells lining its inner wall. The movements of these hair 
# cells are translated to electrical signals and read by 
# auditory neurons

# For a visualization of how human hearing works watch the
# video linked in the references. Words clearly don't the 
# concept justice

# A microphone is an example of a man-made passive auditory
# sensor (whew what a mouthful) 

# A microphone is an example of a man-made passive auditory
# sensor (whew what a mouthful). A microphone is an instrument
# for translating vibrations into electric signals
 

# A microphone is an example of a man-made passive auditory
# sensor (whew what a mouthful). A microphone is an instrument
# for translating vibrations into electric signals

# One type of microphone is a dynamic microphone 

# A microphone is an example of a man-made passive auditory
# sensor (whew what a mouthful). A microphone is an instrument
# for translating vibrations into electric signals

# One type of microphone is a dynamic microphone. These 
# microphones are comprised of a thin membrane connected to a 
# metal coil housed inside a magnet 

# A microphone is an example of a man-made passive auditory
# sensor (whew what a mouthful). A microphone is an instrument
# for translating vibrations into electric signals

# One type of microphone is a dynamic microphone. These 
# microphones are comprised of a thin membrane connected to a 
# metal coil housed inside a magnet. When the membrane comes
# into contact with vibrations in the air it shifts back and
# forth, moving the metal coil with it 

# A microphone is an example of a man-made passive auditory
# sensor (whew what a mouthful). A microphone is an instrument
# for translating vibrations into electric signals

# One type of microphone is a dynamic microphone. These 
# microphones are comprised of a thin membrane connected to a 
# metal coil housed inside a magnet. When the membrane comes
# into contact with vibrations in the air it shifts back and
# forth, moving the metal coil with it

# For those of you who actually did your physics labs, what
# happens when you move a conductive coil through a magnetic
# field?  

# A microphone is an example of a man-made passive auditory
# sensor (whew what a mouthful). A microphone is an instrument
# for translating vibrations into electric signals

# One type of microphone is a dynamic microphone. These 
# microphones are comprised of a thin membrane connected to a 
# metal coil housed inside a magnet. When the membrane comes
# into contact with vibrations in the air it shifts back and
# forth, moving the metal coil with it

# For those of you who actually did your physics labs, what
# happens when you move a conductive coil through a magnetic
# field? 

# That's right! It produces an electric current 

# A microphone is an example of a man-made passive auditory
# sensor (whew what a mouthful). A microphone is an instrument
# for translating vibrations into electric signals

# One type of microphone is a dynamic microphone. These 
# microphones are comprised of a thin membrane connected to a 
# metal coil housed inside a magnet. When the membrane comes
# into contact with vibrations in the air it shifts back and
# forth, moving the metal coil with it

# For those of you who actually did your physics labs, what
# happens when you move a conductive coil through a magnetic
# field? 

# That's right! It produces an electric current. By connecting
# the ends of this coiled wire to a computer or chip we can 
# record the effect of sound as electric signals

# Humans have no innate active sensors (that I can think of),
# but there are other members of the animal kingdom that do 

# Humans have no innate active sensors (that I can think of),
# but there are other members of the animal kingdom that do.
# The anglerfish, best known for its appearance on Finding
# Nemo, gets its name from the spine that protrudes from atop
# its head 

# Humans have no innate active sensors (that I can think of),
# but there are other members of the animal kingdom that do.
# The anglerfish, best known for its appearance on Finding
# Nemo, gets its name from the spine that protrudes from atop
# its head. On the other of this spine is the esca, the 
# bioluminescent bulb the anglerfish uses as a lure 

# Humans have no innate active sensors (that I can think of),
# but there are other members of the animal kingdom that do.
# The anglerfish, best known for its appearance on Finding
# Nemo, gets its name from the spine that protrudes from atop
# its head. On the other of this spine is the esca, the 
# bioluminescent bulb the anglerfish uses as a lure

# The anglerfish commonly inhabits the bathypelagic zone of
# the open ocean at depths up to at least 2000m below the
# surface

# Humans have no innate active sensors (that I can think of),
# but there are other members of the animal kingdom that do.
# The anglerfish, best known for its appearance on Finding
# Nemo, gets its name from the spine that protrudes from atop
# its head. On the other of this spine is the esca, the 
# bioluminescent bulb the anglerfish uses as a lure

# The anglerfish commonly inhabits the bathypelagic zone of
# the open ocean at depths up to at least 2000m below the
# surface. Little to no light reaches this layer of the ocean,
# so the esca doubles as a source of light the anglerfish uses
# to augment its sight 

# Humans have no innate active sensors (that I can think of),
# but there are other members of the animal kingdom that do.
# The anglerfish, best known for its appearance on Finding
# Nemo, gets its name from the spine that protrudes from atop
# its head. On the other of this spine is the esca, the 
# bioluminescent bulb the anglerfish uses as a lure.

# The anglerfish commonly inhabits the bathypelagic zone of
# the open ocean at depths up to at least 2000m below the
# surface. Little to no light reaches this layer of the ocean,
# so the esca doubles as a source of light the anglerfish uses
# to augment its sight.

# In a way, the anglerfish's visual system is an active sensor
# system 

# Humans have no innate active sensors (that I can think of),
# but there are other members of the animal kingdom that do.
# The anglerfish, best known for its appearance on Finding
# Nemo, gets its name from the spine that protrudes from atop
# its head. On the other of this spine is the esca, the 
# bioluminescent bulb the anglerfish uses as a lure

# The anglerfish commonly inhabits the bathypelagic zone of
# the open ocean at depths up to at least 2000m below the
# surface. Little to no light reaches this layer of the ocean,
# so the esca doubles as a source of light the anglerfish uses
# to augment its sight

# In a way, the anglerfish's visual system is an active sensor
# system. It supplies its own light source, the property by
# which the fish's eyes perceive information

# A more popular example of active sensing in the animal
# kingdom is echolocation 

# A more popular example of active sensing in the animal
# kingdom is echolocation. Echolocation is the act of
# perceiving the location of objects by reflected sound
 

# A more popular example of active sensing in the animal
# kingdom is echolocation. Echolocation is the act of
# perceiving the location of objects by reflected sound

# Bats use screeches to determine the distance of obstacles
# and prey while in flight based on the time delay of the
# reflected sound 

# A more popular example of active sensing in the animal
# kingdom is echolocation. Echolocation is the act of
# perceiving the location of objects by reflected sound

# Bats use screeches to determine the distance of obstacles
# and prey while in flight based on the time delay of the
# reflected sound. Dolphins use clicks in a similar fashion
 

# A more popular example of active sensing in the animal
# kingdom is echolocation. Echolocation is the act of
# perceiving the location of objects by reflected sound

# Bats use screeches to determine the distance of obstacles
# and prey while in flight based on the time delay of the
# reflected sound. Dolphins use clicks in a similar fashion

# The sonic distance sensor of our GoPiGo functions by the
# same basic principal 

# A more popular example of active sensing in the animal
# kingdom is echolocation. Echolocation is the act of
# perceiving the location of objects by reflected sound

# Bats use screeches to determine the distance of obstacles
# and prey while in flight based on the time delay of the
# reflected sound. Dolphins use clicks in a similar fashion

# The sonic distance sensor of our GoPiGo functions by the
# same basic principal, measuring the time between when it
# sends out a sound wave to when it receives the same sound
# wave reflected back to it 

# A more popular example of active sensing in the animal
# kingdom is echolocation. Echolocation is the act of
# perceiving the location of objects by reflected sound

# Bats use screeches to determine the distance of obstacles
# and prey while in flight based on the time delay of the
# reflected sound. Dolphins use clicks in a similar fashion

# The sonic distance sensor of our GoPiGo functions by the
# same basic principal, measuring the time between when it
# sends out a sound wave to when it receives the same sound
# wave reflected back to it. Although the sensor is
# unidirectional and incorporates far less complex methods
# than the auditory processing used by bats and dolphins, it
# supplies us with useful information nonetheless

# Some examples of these distance sensors are.. 

# Some examples of these distance sensors are..

# RADAR - uses reflected radio waves  

# Some examples of these distance sensors are..

# RADAR - uses reflected radio waves 
# LiDAR - uses reflected visible light waves  

# Some examples of these distance sensors are..

# RADAR - uses reflected radio waves 
# LiDAR - uses reflected visible light waves 
# Sonic Distance Sensor - uses relfected sound waves
 

# Some examples of these distance sensors are..

# RADAR - uses reflected radio waves 
# LiDAR - uses reflected visible light waves 
# Sonic Distance Sensor - uses relfected sound waves

# Much like in echolocation, these active sensors rely on the
# time-delay between sending out a signal and receiving the
# reflected signal back from the environment 

# Some examples of these distance sensors are..

# RADAR - uses reflected radio waves 
# LiDAR - uses reflected visible light waves 
# Sonic Distance Sensor - uses relfected sound waves

# Much like in echolocation, these active sensors rely on the
# time-delay between sending out a signal and receiving the
# reflected signal back from the environment. By multiplying
# the time delay by the known speed of the signal, we can get
# a pretty accurate estimate of an object's distance and a 
# general idea of its normal velocity

# LiDAR - uses reflected visible light waves 
 

# LiDAR - uses reflected visible light waves 

# With targeted measurements we can measure the distance of an
# object located at a specific angle from our vantage point 

# LiDAR - uses reflected visible light waves 

# With targeted measurements we can measure the distance of an
# object located at a specific angle from our vantage point

# With quick successive measurements we can sample a greater
# number of angle locations within a given window of time
 

# LiDAR - uses reflected visible light waves 

# With targeted measurements we can measure the distance of an
# object located at a specific angle from our vantage point

# With quick successive measurements we can sample a greater
# number of angle locations within a given window of time

# By combining these two capabilities a LiDAR can actually map
# out the state of an environment, rendering a 3-D image from
# the distance of obstacles seen from a single vantage point 

# LiDAR - uses reflected visible light waves 

# With targeted measurements we can measure the distance of an
# object located at a specific angle from our vantage point

# With quick successive measurements we can sample a greater
# number of angle locations within a given window of time

# By combining these two capabilities a LiDAR can actually map
# out the state of an environment, rendering a 3-D image from
# the distance of obstacles seen from a single vantage point

# Google's self-driving cars rely on this piece of hardware to
# map out and navigate their environment 

# LiDAR - uses reflected visible light waves 

# With targeted measurements we can measure the distance of an
# object located at a specific angle from our vantage point

# With quick successive measurements we can sample a greater
# number of angle locations within a given window of time

# By combining these two capabilities a LiDAR can actually map
# out the state of an environment, rendering a 3-D image from
# the distance of obstacles seen from a single vantage point

# Google's self-driving cars rely on this piece of hardware to
# map out and navigate their environment. LiDAR's often used
# in the scientific community due to their precision, but are
# often too expensive to be applicable commercially

# Sonic Distance Sensor - uses reflected sound waves 
 

# Sonic Distance Sensor - uses reflected sound waves 

# The sensor we'll be using in class is the cheapest of the
# three 

# Sonic Distance Sensor - uses reflected sound waves 

# The sensor we'll be using in class is the cheapest of the
# three. While LiDARs will easily cost several thousands of
# dollars, a SDS costs only ~$20 

# Sonic Distance Sensor - uses reflected sound waves 

# The sensor we'll be using in class is the cheapest of the
# three. While LiDARs will easily cost several thousands of
# dollars, a SDS costs only ~$20. It's much more feasible to
# be using in the classroom as we can barely trust our juniors
# in engineering to properly clothe themselves
 

# Sonic Distance Sensor - uses reflected sound waves 

# The sensor we'll be using in class is the cheapest of the
# three. While LiDARs will easily cost several thousands of
# dollars, a SDS costs only ~$20. It's much more feasible to
# be using in the classroom as we can barely trust our juniors
# in engineering to properly clothe themselves

# The downside is that the SDS is much less precise than both
# the LiDAR and RADAR as it relies on sound waves, which are 
# both slower and influenced by many more environmental
# factors than light waves 

# Sonic Distance Sensor - uses reflected sound waves 

# The sensor we'll be using in class is the cheapest of the
# three. While LiDARs will easily cost several thousands of
# dollars, a SDS costs only ~$20. It's much more feasible to
# be using in the classroom as we can barely trust our juniors
# in engineering to properly clothe themselves

# The downside is that the SDS is much less precise than both
# the LiDAR and RADAR as it relies on sound waves, which are 
# both slower and influenced by many more environmental
# factors than light waves. At close distances and slow enough
# speeds, however, the SDS is precise enough to provide the
# sensing capabilities our PiGos require

# The data that we pull from the API can either be in mm or in
 

# The data that we pull from the API can either be in mm or in

# first we have a few modules to import  

# The data that we pull from the API can either be in mm or in

# first we have a few modules to import 
import time
import easygopigo3 as easy 

# The data that we pull from the API can either be in mm or in

# first we have a few modules to import 
import time
import easygopigo3 as easy

# we must create a GoPiGo
gpg = easy.EasyGoPiGo3()  

# The data that we pull from the API can either be in mm or in

# first we have a few modules to import 
import time
import easygopigo3 as easy

# we must create a GoPiGo
gpg = easy.EasyGoPiGo3() 

# and initialize a distance sensor object from the GoPiGo
my_distance_sensor = gpg.init_distance_sensor() 

# The data that we pull from the API can either be in mm or in

# first we have a few modules to import 
import time
import easygopigo3 as easy

# we must create a GoPiGo
gpg = easy.EasyGoPiGo3() 

# and initialize a distance sensor object from the GoPiGo
my_distance_sensor = gpg.init_distance_sensor()

# from there we simply call the read function from that object
my_distance_sensor.read_mm()
 

# The data that we pull from the API can either be in mm or in

# first we have a few modules to import 
import time
import easygopigo3 as easy

# we must create a GoPiGo
gpg = easy.EasyGoPiGo3() 

# and initialize a distance sensor object from the GoPiGo
my_distance_sensor = gpg.init_distance_sensor()

# from there we simply call the read function from that object
my_distance_sensor.read_mm()

# the above will read the current distance read from the SDS

# As an exercise, imagine learning Dynamics from Dr. Paley 
# using only your ears 

# As an exercise, imagine learning Dynamics from Dr. Paley 
# using only your ears. Don't actually do this. 

# As an exercise, imagine learning Dynamics from Dr. Paley 
# using only your ears. Don't actually do this. Just imagine. 

# As an exercise, imagine learning Dynamics from Dr. Paley 
# using only your ears. Don't actually do this. Just imagine.
# So can you? 

# As an exercise, imagine learning Dynamics from Dr. Paley 
# using only your ears. Don't actually do this. Just imagine.
# So can you?
# Difficult, right?
 

# As an exercise, imagine learning Dynamics from Dr. Paley 
# using only your ears. Don't actually do this. Just imagine.
# So can you?
# Difficult, right?

# How about trying to sit through an Electronics lecture 
# without being able to hear Dr. Winkelmann? 

# As an exercise, imagine learning Dynamics from Dr. Paley 
# using only your ears. Don't actually do this. Just imagine.
# So can you?
# Difficult, right?

# How about trying to sit through an Electronics lecture 
# without being able to hear Dr. Winkelmann? 
# You'd be spared from his classwide roasts, but I don't think
# the tradeoff would be worth it
 

# As an exercise, imagine learning Dynamics from Dr. Paley 
# using only your ears. Don't actually do this. Just imagine.
# So can you?
# Difficult, right?

# How about trying to sit through an Electronics lecture 
# without being able to hear Dr. Winkelmann? 
# You'd be spared from his classwide roasts, but I don't think
# the tradeoff would be worth it

# The key takeaway here is that you rely on your sensors 

# As an exercise, imagine learning Dynamics from Dr. Paley 
# using only your ears. Don't actually do this. Just imagine.
# So can you?
# Difficult, right?

# How about trying to sit through an Electronics lecture 
# without being able to hear Dr. Winkelmann? 
# You'd be spared from his classwide roasts, but I don't think
# the tradeoff would be worth it

# The key takeaway here is that you rely on your sensors
# To function as an autonomous being you need to be able to
# sense you environment 

# As an exercise, imagine learning Dynamics from Dr. Paley 
# using only your ears. Don't actually do this. Just imagine.
# So can you?
# Difficult, right?

# How about trying to sit through an Electronics lecture 
# without being able to hear Dr. Winkelmann? 
# You'd be spared from his classwide roasts, but I don't think
# the tradeoff would be worth it

# The key takeaway here is that you rely on your sensors
# To function as an autonomous being you need to be able to
# sense you environment. Yes, you could survive without one or
# two of your senses, but navigating your environment would 
# become increasingly difficult as a result

# Typically, greater autonomy requires greater sensing ability
 

# Typically, greater autonomy requires greater sensing ability

# Take Tesla, for example 

# Typically, greater autonomy requires greater sensing ability

# Take Tesla, for example. Its cars, which have autopilot
# capabilities, rely on 8 surround cameras that provide 
# coverage at various lengths and angles 

# Typically, greater autonomy requires greater sensing ability

# Take Tesla, for example. Its cars, which have autopilot
# capabilities, rely on 8 surround cameras that provide 
# coverage at various lengths and angles as well as a single
# forward facing radar and multiple ultrasonic sensors
 

# Typically, greater autonomy requires greater sensing ability

# Take Tesla, for example. Its cars, which have autopilot
# capabilities, rely on 8 surround cameras that provide 
# coverage at various lengths and angles as well as a single
# forward facing radar and multiple ultrasonic sensors

# That's a lot of sensors!  

# Typically, greater autonomy requires greater sensing ability

# Take Tesla, for example. Its cars, which have autopilot
# capabilities, rely on 8 surround cameras that provide 
# coverage at various lengths and angles as well as a single
# forward facing radar and multiple ultrasonic sensors

# That's a lot of sensors! Compare that to your average sedan,
# which is lucky to have a single rear camera and some
# ultrasonics to keep you from backing into your neighbor's
# minivan 

# Typically, greater autonomy requires greater sensing ability

# Take Tesla, for example. Its cars, which have autopilot
# capabilities, rely on 8 surround cameras that provide 
# coverage at various lengths and angles as well as a single
# forward facing radar and multiple ultrasonic sensors

# That's a lot of sensors! Compare that to your average sedan,
# which is lucky to have a single rear camera and some
# ultrasonics to keep you from backing into your neighbor's
# minivan. I'd sooner drive a boulder than trust it to
# autopilot me anywhere 

# Typically, greater autonomy requires greater sensing ability

# Take Tesla, for example. Its cars, which have autopilot
# capabilities, rely on 8 surround cameras that provide 
# coverage at various lengths and angles as well as a single
# forward facing radar and multiple ultrasonic sensors

# That's a lot of sensors! Compare that to your average sedan,
# which is lucky to have a single rear camera and some
# ultrasonics to keep you from backing into your neighbor's
# minivan. I'd sooner drive a boulder than trust it to
# autopilot me anywhere. Of course, some of the sensors on
# a Tesla are redundant to provide more system reliability,
# but the point remains 

# Typically, greater autonomy requires greater sensing ability

# Take Tesla, for example. Its cars, which have autopilot
# capabilities, rely on 8 surround cameras that provide 
# coverage at various lengths and angles as well as a single
# forward facing radar and multiple ultrasonic sensors

# That's a lot of sensors! Compare that to your average sedan,
# which is lucky to have a single rear camera and some
# ultrasonics to keep you from backing into your neighbor's
# minivan. I'd sooner drive a boulder than trust it to
# autopilot me anywhere. Of course, some of the sensors on
# a Tesla are redundant to provide more system reliability,
# but the point remains - Greater autonomy requires greater
# sensing ability!

 
# It's important to keep in mind that, although greater
# capacity to perceive ones environment is critical to
# building an autonomous system, it's not all that matters.
 

 
# It's important to keep in mind that, although greater
# capacity to perceive ones environment is critical to
# building an autonomous system, it's not all that matters.

# It's important to interpret this data in the right way to
# draw meaningful conclusions about ones environment 

 
# It's important to keep in mind that, although greater
# capacity to perceive ones environment is critical to
# building an autonomous system, it's not all that matters.

# It's important to interpret this data in the right way to
# draw meaningful conclusions about ones environment. Sensor
# data processing is the art of doing just that 

 
# It's important to keep in mind that, although greater
# capacity to perceive ones environment is critical to
# building an autonomous system, it's not all that matters.

# It's important to interpret this data in the right way to
# draw meaningful conclusions about ones environment. Sensor
# data processing is the art of doing just that. By 
# transforming the data absorbed from the environment into a
# usable form, we can more easily predict the state of our
# environment 

 
# It's important to keep in mind that, although greater
# capacity to perceive ones environment is critical to
# building an autonomous system, it's not all that matters.

# It's important to interpret this data in the right way to
# draw meaningful conclusions about ones environment. Sensor
# data processing is the art of doing just that. By 
# transforming the data absorbed from the environment into a
# usable form, we can more easily predict the state of our
# environment as well as the state of our vehicle within the
# environment as we navigate from one state to another.
 

 
# It's important to keep in mind that, although greater
# capacity to perceive ones environment is critical to
# building an autonomous system, it's not all that matters.

# It's important to interpret this data in the right way to
# draw meaningful conclusions about ones environment. Sensor
# data processing is the art of doing just that. By 
# transforming the data absorbed from the environment into a
# usable form, we can more easily predict the state of our
# environment as well as the state of our vehicle within the
# environment as we navigate from one state to another.

# Just as paint is much more powerful in the hands of a
# trained artist, our sensors are made much more capable
# through the proper processing techniques 

 
# It's important to keep in mind that, although greater
# capacity to perceive ones environment is critical to
# building an autonomous system, it's not all that matters.

# It's important to interpret this data in the right way to
# draw meaningful conclusions about ones environment. Sensor
# data processing is the art of doing just that. By 
# transforming the data absorbed from the environment into a
# usable form, we can more easily predict the state of our
# environment as well as the state of our vehicle within the
# environment as we navigate from one state to another.

# Just as paint is much more powerful in the hands of a
# trained artist, our sensors are made much more capable
# through the proper processing techniques. Without them, our
# sensor data is useless!