What are the types of arguments are there?

• Arguments of Persuasion
• Arguments of Evaluation
• Arguments of Fact and Explanation
• Rogerian Argument
• Toulmin Argument

The following information taken from (Libretexts 6.4)

• The more productive approach is to persuade your audience to consider your claim as a sound one, not simply the right one.
• Clearly articulate your claim and the main reasons for it. 
• Anticipate and address counterarguments.
• Make sure your support comes in many different
• Aim for respectful honesty.

3 Key Features = Confidence, Neutrality, Courtesy and Fairness

Arguments of Persuasion

Funny Argumentative Example...

There's always two sides to any theory, idea, speculation... When have you flat out rejected something you saw on a TV show, news/documentary, or Internet site?

• Render a critical judgment on the merits of something.
• Declare your overall judgment of the subject under review
• What is your Criteria? (Logical standards of how you evaluate a situation or text)
• Draw your evidence from what you are reviewing
• Use concrete language, not vague language (It was good!)

Arguments of Evaluation

Arguments of Facts & Explanation

• Establish why that fact is true
• Establish that the conclusion is true.
• Has a variety of premises to arrive at a conclusion.
• Attempts to show why its conclusion is true is an explanation

Rogerian Format for an Argument

• Toulmin devoted his works to analyzing moral reasoning.
• He sought to develop practical ways to evaluate ethical arguments effectively.
• What are the Six Parts of the Toulmin Argument? 

Toulmin Argument Model

1. From our readings/concepts this week, what types of arguments from our webtext and Language Awareness (Campus Free Speech Debate) feel important to consider when creating an argumentative, persuasive topic? Browse the LibreTexts Web page for ideas or our text readings for this week.

2. Using one of the argument types or a combination of a couple, propose a scenario or debate that your fellow classmates or CMU students would benefit from. Tailor your audience to fellow CMU students in general or within your major/field.

3. Later in class we will get with partners (or a small group of 3) to discuss what we worked on and think about mock debates for Thursday's class. How did you choose to form your persuasive argument?

In-Class: Crafting the Points of an Argument

As a Group, using persuasive and evaluative methods, construct a debate using the Rogerian or Toulmin methods of argument found in our reading, and the slides this week. As a class, each group will have the opportunity to share how they constructed their argument based on the following options:

• Entertainment options on campus
• Parking on Campus
• Housing on Campus
• Meal Options on Campus
• Changes in Student Clubs on Campus
• Tuition/Room and Board changes on Campus
• Changes in Student Curriculum and Required Courses on Campus
• Questions of news, sports media, digital media usage on campus
• On-going tech or media trends that needs to be addressed.

In-Class: Mock Debate

Practicing with Mock Debates and argumentation models will give you practice when forming your own critical essay that argues different side of a topic with SUPPORTING EVIDENCE USING SOURCES. After our Mock Debates, this next essay you will want to think about:

• What will you inform, persuade, or argue for your readers in the topic you choose? What professional or popular sources will you use?
• Are you arguing through persuasion, evaluation, or facts - combinations of several? Rogerian method? Toulmin method?
• Supporting evidence means doing some research on topics: where do you think your evidence/research will come from?
• How will you put together your in-text citations and works cited page?

 The Research Evidence Essay

Spend the first 10-15 minutes reflecting on...

• What initially attracted you professionally to your major/field of study?
• What is an important topic within your major/field of study that involves different sides, arguments, etc?
• What are writers in online spaces saying about your field? What's an area you value?
• What evidence is valuable to use within your major or discipline?
• Include a sample source of evidence that interests you and made you want to go into your major.

Opening Exercise: Important Evidence in your Field/Major

• "The Social Defintion of sanity is the capacity to accept the consensus of how the world ought to work, including between men and women. Anyone who questions or challenges that consensus is by definition unhinged" (Penny 384).
• "False power can provide feelings of empowerment among members of the oppressed group (in this case, women), the same feelings that make it difficult for oppressed people to see their lack of empowerment in society" (Kleinman et al. 404)
• "This is the Guy Code, the collection of attitudes, values,  and traits that together composes what it means to be a man. These are the rules that govern behavior in Guyland, the criteria that will be used to evaluate whether any particular guy measures up" (Kimmel 408)

In-Class: Gender Biases and Professional Concerns

Pioneering Women in Film: Overcoming Gender Bias in an Industry

• Go to our PAGE in Week 10 in Canvas called - Professional Debate Activity and choose a topic in evidence you will tackle.
• We will also use class time to brainstorm ideas for the argumentative essay we will write next - what content about arguments and evidence will you need to address?

In-Class: Professional Debate Activity

You Should Mix and Match Where Evidence Comes from...spend some time searching for relevant sources as evidence you could use in your argumentative essay!

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Podcast

Documentary

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