Functional Programming for Data Handling

Business Scenario

Welcome!

Today is your 14th day as a Junior Data Analyst at the Indian Railways Reservation Department. Previously you used functional programming to perform faster and cleaner data operations.

Today, your manager wants you to improve the system further by organizing railway operations using Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

The department now requires the application to represent trains, passengers, tickets, and reservations as real-world objects for better system design and management.

To complete this task successfully, you must use Python to:

Organize railway data efficiently
Improve code structure and readability
Build scalable reservation modules

Pre-Lab Preparation

git pull origin branchName

Git Pull

Topic: Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming

1) Create class
2) Create objects
3) Define attributes/methods

Object-Oriented Programming :

A programming style where code is organized using objects that combine data and behavior, making programs reusable, modular & scalable

Class

A blueprint for creating objects

Object

A real instance created from a class

Attributes

Data/values stored inside an object

Methods

Functions inside a class that define behavior

Class (Blueprint)

class Car:

Car = Class

Object (Real thing)

car1 = Object

car1 = Car()

Attributes (Data inside object)

color = Attribute
"Red" = Value of attribute

car1.color = "Red"

Methods (Actions inside class)

start() = Method (action)
car1 = object calling method

car1.start()

Combining all of these, an OOP function would look like :

# OOP Example

class Car:                      # Car = Class

    def __init__(self, color):
        self.color = color      # color = Attribute

    def start(self):            # start() = Method
        print("Car started")


car1 = Car("Red")               # car1 = Object

print(car1.color)               # Red = Value of attribute
car1.start()                    # Object calling method

Task 1: Create Basic Railway Class

Create lambda function

discount_fare = lambda fare: fare - 200

Print Result

print("Discounted Fare :", discount_fare(2500))

Output

Apply map() function

Task 2: Apply map() Function for Fare Calculation

updated_fares = list(

   map(
       lambda fare: fare + 100,
       ticket_fares))

Display updated fares

print(updated_fares)

Output

Create reservation status list.

Task 3: Apply filter() Function for confirmed tickets

reservation_status = [
   "Confirmed",
   "Waiting",
   "Confirmed",
   "RAC"]

Apply filter() function

confirmed_tickets = list(
   filter(
       lambda status: status == "Confirmed",
       reservation_status))

Print Output

print(confirmed_tickets)

Task 4: Combine Passenger and Seat Data Using zip()

Create Lists

passengers = [
   "Rahul Sharma",
   "Priya Singh",
   "Amit Verma"]

seats = [
   "B1-21",
   "B1-22",
   "B1-23"]

Apply zip function

reservation_data = list(
   zip(passengers, seats))

Print Output

Task 5: Apply enumerate() Function

Create passenger list

passenger_list = [
   "Rahul Sharma",
   "Priya Singh",
   "Amit Verma"]

Apply enumerate() function

for index, passenger in enumerate(passenger_list):
   print(index, passenger)

print(reservation_data)

Output

Task 6: Process Data Using map() and filter()

Create fare list

ticket_fares = [2500, 800, 3200, 600]

Filter valid fares

valid_fares = list(
   filter(
       lambda fare: fare > 1000,
       ticket_fares))

Output

Task 6: Process Data Using map() and filter()

Create fare list

ticket_fares = [2500, 800, 3200, 600]

Filter valid fares

valid_fares = list(
   filter(
       lambda fare: fare > 1000,
       ticket_fares))

Apply fare update

final_fares = list(
   map(
       lambda fare: fare + 100,
       valid_fares))

Print Output

Task 7: Build Final Functional Reservation Module

Create reservation list

passengers = ["Rahul", "Priya", "Amit"]
seats = ["S1", "S2", "S3"]
fares = [2500, 1800, 3200]

Combine reservation data

Display Final Reservation Report

reservation_data = list(
   zip(passengers, seats, fares))

print("===================================")
print(" Railway Reservation Report ")
print("===================================")

for index, data in enumerate(reservation_data):

   passenger, seat, fare = data

   final_fare = (lambda x: x - 100)(fare)

   print("Reservation ID :", index + 1)
   print("Passenger :", passenger)
   print("Seat :", seat)
   print("Final Fare :", final_fare)
   print("-----------------------------------")

Output

Save File as : functional_programming.ipynb

Great job!

You have successfully learned how to use lambda, map, filter, zip, enumerate functions for automating reservation operations

Checkpoint

Git Push

git push origin branchName

Next-Lab Preparation

Topic: Design Railway System Using Classes and Objects

1) Create class
2) Define attributes/methods
3) Create objects

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