CREATE INDEX idx_name ON users (name);
CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY idx_name ON users (name);
Performance Overhead:
Concurrency means more resource consumption (if needed)
Extra scans: it takes longer
Operational Caveats:
CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY doesn't like transaction.
CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY
One concurrent index creation per table is allowed at a time.
Deadlocks... deadlocks can happen...
Make sure you have enough CPU and disk space
Do not run many complex migration at once when creating indexes
By Damiano Petrungaro