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Development of
Programming Languages
AP Computer Science: Daniel Zhao
The first computers executed tasks through positions of physical gears
But then came
John von Neumann.
He developed two concepts:
Shared program technique
Conditional control transfer
Same hardware,
different software
Blocks of code executed out of order and branching logical statements, such as if and for
Basic languages
Short code
First programming language
Basic implementation of von Neumann's ideas
1949
1957
Fortran
Basic data types: boolean, int, double
Basic control statements: if, do, goto
1958
LISP
Specific use at MIT: artificial intelligence
No true syntax or data types; still used today
1959
Cobol
Built for businessmen: English-readable code
1958
ALGOL
Foundation for all modern languages
Introduced formal grammar [too complex to explain]
Structured Languages
(Transition Period)
1968
Pascal
More organized and easy to use, incl. debugger
1972
C
Pascal, but better & faster
Object-Oriented Languages
1983
C++
C, made object-oriented
1994
Java
Completely object-oriented [encapsulation, polymorphism, inheritance]
Portable (JVM), designed for modern web
Other languages
Easy to Learn
Basic (1964)
Easy-to-learn language, not OO
Heavily influenced today's Visual Basic (1991)
Python (1991)
Compact, flexible, intuitive, easy to use, can be OO
Others
Perl (1987)
Flexible, general-purpose, can be OO
Objective-C (2001) / Swift (2014)
Object-oriented languages for Apple software
Javascript, PHP, Ruby (1995)
Web dev.
thank you.
http://cs.brown.edu/~adf/programming_languages.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_programming_languages
http://www.csee.umbc.edu/courses/331/fall08/0101/notes/02/02history.pdf
Development of Programming Languages
By Daniel Zhao
Development of Programming Languages
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