GOALS

1. Quantitative analysis of air bubbles in the 1st and 3rd charges using the local thickness method.
    
2. 3D visualization of the segmented air bubbles for each charging process.

Raw data

1st charge | middle slice

3rd charge | middle slice

First charge
Min value......: 0
01 percentile..: 0.0
Mean value.....: 3683.970543939831
99 percentile..: 6621.0
Max value......: 14674

Third charge
Min value......: 0
01 percentile..: 0.0
Mean value.....: 3669.664374997597
99 percentile..: 6750.0
Max value......: 34058

Image saturation

1st charge | middle slice

3rd charge | middle slice

First charge
Min value......: 1
01 percentile..: 3054.0
Mean value.....: 5480.655669660708
99 percentile..: 6500.0
Max value......: 6500

Third charge
Min value......: 1
01 percentile..: 2733.0
Mean value.....: 5464.09689373318
99 percentile..: 6500.0
Max value......: 6500

Filtering: Gaussian filter

1st charge | middle slice

3rd charge | middle slice

First charge
Min value......: 1897
01 percentile..: 3927.0
Mean value.....: 5479.558434083045
99 percentile..: 6500.0
Max value......: 6500

Third charge
Min value......: 1878
01 percentile..: 3790.0
Mean value.....: 5462.999659734237
99 percentile..: 6500.0
Max value......: 6500

Thresholding to create binary images

1st charge | middle slice

3rd charge | middle slice

Min value......: False
Max value......: True

Min value......: False
Max value......: True

Morphological operations: 1. Removing noises by median filter

1st charge | middle slice

3rd charge | middle slice

Min value......: False
Max value......: True

Min value......: False
Max value......: True

Morphological operations: 2. Binary closing (dilation and erosion)

1st charge | middle slice

3rd charge | middle slice

Min value......: False
Max value......: True

Min value......: False
Max value......: True

Morphological operations: 3. Fill holes

1st charge | middle slice

3rd charge | middle slice

Min value......: False
Max value......: True

Min value......: False
Max value......: True

1st charge | Z slices

3rd charge | Z slices

1st charge

3rd charge

Porosity ratio

Porosity ratio =

Volume of bubbles

Total volume

x 100%

Local thickness

1st charge | middle slice

3rd charge | middle slice

1st charge

3rd charge

CONCLUSIONS

1. Segmentation is possible using classical image analysis approaches, but some refinement is still needed.
   ​​​
2. The bubble total volume increases by approximately a factor of 2 after the 3rd charge.
    
3. The size distribution of bubbles does not change after the charges (local thickness distribution remains similar)