how do machines see

• Machine vision is technology that enables computers to "see" and interpret visual information from the world, similar to how humans use their eyes and brain

• It combines cameras, sensors, and artificial intelligence to extract meaningful information from images and videos

• Image Acquisition: Cameras capture visual data (images or video frames)

• Image Processing: Algorithms extract features like edges, shapes, textures, and patterns

• Analysis & Decision: AI models interpret these features to identify objects, detect anomalies, or make predictions

world applications

• Smartphones: Face ID unlock, camera portrait mode, Google Translate's instant sign translation

• Social Media: Automatic photo tagging, content moderation, image search

• Retail: Self-checkout systems, Amazon Go stores (cashier-less shopping),

• Current Development & Emerging Technologies

• Event-based cameras: Detect changes at microsecond speeds rather than capturing full frames—ideal for detecting minute vibrations or fast-moving objects

• Streaming cameras: Continuous data capture for industrial quality control

• Multimodal AI: Systems that combine vision with language understanding (e.g., describing what's in an image)

• Challenges Being Addressed:

• Improving accuracy in varied lighting conditions and weather

• Making systems more interpretable (understanding why AI made a decision)

• Reducing bias in facial recognition and object detection

future advancements

Autonomous Systems:

• Self-driving vehicles: Tesla, Waymo using cameras + lidar to navigate roads, detect obstacles, read traffic signs

• Advanced Manufacturing:

• Robotic assembly: Vision-guided robots for precise part placement

Healthcare Innovation:

• Surgical assistance robots with enhanced visual precision

• Smart Cities:

• Public safety systems with real-time threat detection

Research Frontiers:

• 3D reconstruction from 2D images