federica bianco PRO
astro | data science | data for good
Building a legacy: |
the LSST transient sky
University of Delaware
Department of Physics and Astronomy
Biden School of Public Policy and Administration
Data Science Institute
Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time
Deputy Project Scientist, Construction
Acting Head of Science, Operation
federica b. bianco
she/her
University of Delaware
Department of Physics and Astronomy
Biden School of Public Policy and Administration
Data Science Institute
Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time
Deputy Project Scientist, Construction
Acting Head of Science, Operation
federica b. bianco
she/her
this slide deck is live at https://slides.com/federicabianco/padova25
The best way to view the slides is on the web (to see videos and animations). A flat (PDF) version of this deck would be largely diminished
Building a legacy: |
the LSST transient sky
Rubin Observatory
Site: Cerro Pachon, Chile
Funding: US NSF + DOE
Building an unprecedented catalog of Solar System Objects
LSST Science Drivers
Building an unprecedented catalog of Solar System Objects
LSST Science Drivers
Mapping the Milky Way and Local Volume
Building an unprecedented catalog of Solar System Objects
LSST Science Drivers
Mapping the Milky Way and Local Volume
Probing Dark Energy and Dark Matter
Building an unprecedented catalog of Solar System Objects
LSST Science Drivers
Mapping the Milky Way and Local Volume
Probing Dark Energy and Dark Matter
Exploring the Transient Optical Sky
To accomplish this, we need:
1) a large telescope mirror to be sensitive - 8m (6.7m)
2) a large field-of-view for sky-scanning speed - 10 deg2
3) high spatial resolution, high quality images - 0.2''/pixels
4) process images in realtime and offline to produce 10M nightly alerts and catalogs of all 37B objects
>=18000 sq degrees
~800 visits per field
2 visits per night (within ~30 min for asteroids)
+ 5x10sq deg Deep Drilling Fields with ~8000 visits
Objective: to provide a science-ready dataset to transform the 4 key science area
Are We There YET????!!!!
artist (me) impression of the first image taken by ComCam
The DOE LSST Camera - 3.2 Gigapixel
3024 science raft amplifier channels
Camera and Cryostat integration completed at SLAC in May 2022,
Shutter and filter auto-changer integrated into camera body
LSSTCam undergoing final stages of testing at SLAC
Rubin LSST Transients by the numbers
17B stars (x10) Ivezic+19
~10k SuperLuminous Supernovae (from ~200)Villar+ 2018
~400 strongly lensed SN Ia (from 10) Ardense+24
~3.3M SN II 580k SN Ibc Hložek+20
~1M SNIa (z<0.5) 1M SNIa (z<2) Griz+24
~50 kilonovae (from 2) Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)
> 10 Interstellar Objects fom 2.... ?)
Rubin LSST Transients by the numbers
17B stars (x10) Ivezic+19
~10k SuperLuminous Supernovae (from ~200)Villar+ 2018
~400 strongly lensed SN Ia (from 10) Ardense+24
~3.3M SN II 580k SN Ibc Hložek+20
~1M SNIa (z<0.5) 1M SNIa (z<2) Griz+24
~50 kilonovae (from 2) Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)
> 10 Interstellar Objects fom 2.... ?)
edge computing
Rubin LSST Transients by the numbers
17B stars (x10) Ivezic+19
~10k SuperLuminous Supernovae (from ~200)Villar+ 2018
~400 strongly lensed SN Ia (from 10) Ardense+24
~3.3M SN II 580k SN Ibc Hložek+20
~1M SNIa (z<0.5) 1M SNIa (z<2) Griz+24
~50 kilonovae (from 2) Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)
> 10 Interstellar Objects fom 2.... ?)
Rubin LSST Transients by the numbers
17B stars (x10) Ivezic+19
~10k SuperLuminous Supernovae (from ~200)Villar+ 2018
~400 strongly lensed SN Ia (from 10) Ardense+24
~3.3M SN II 580k SN Ibc Hložek+20
~1M SNIa (z<0.5) 1M SNIa (z<2) Griz+24
~50 kilonovae (from 2) Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)
> 10 Interstellar Objects fom 2.... ?)
Rubin LSST Transients by the numbers
17B stars (x10) Ivezic+19
~10k SuperLuminous Supernovae (from ~200)Villar+ 2018
~400 strongly lensed SN Ia (from 10) Ardense+24
~3.3M SN II 580k SN Ibc Hložek+20
~300k SNIa (z<0.3) ~800k SNIa (z<1) "well observed"Griz+24
~50 kilonovae (from 2) Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)
> 10 Interstellar Objects fom 2.... ?)
Rubin LSST Transients by the numbers
17B stars (x10) Ivezic+19
~10k SuperLuminous Supernovae (from ~200)Villar+ 2018
~400 strongly lensed SN Ia (from 10) Ardense+24
~3.3M SN II 580k SN Ibc Hložek+20
~300k SNIa (z<0.3) ~800k SNIa (z<1) "well observed"Griz+24
~50 kilonovae (from 2) Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)
> 10 Interstellar Objects fom 2.... ?)
True Novelties!
Rubin LSST Transients by the numbers
17B stars (x10) Ivezic+19
~10k SuperLuminous Supernovae (from ~200)Villar+ 2018
~400 strongly lensed SN Ia (from 10) Ardense+24
~3.3M SN II 580k SN Ibc Hložek+20
~300k SNIa (z<0.3) ~800k SNIa (z<1) "well observed"Griz+24
~50 kilonovae (from 2) Setzer+19, Andreoni+19 (+ ToO)
> 10 Interstellar Objects fom 2.... ?)
Exploring the Transient and Variable Optical Sky
Exploring the Transient and Variable Optical Sky
Exploring the Transient and Variable Optical Sky
Exploring the Transient and Variable Optical Sky
Exploring the Transient and Variable Optical Sky
Exploring the Transient and Variable Optical Sky
LSST survey strategy optimization
LSST Science Book (2009)
Rubin LSST survey design
Rubin has involved the community to an unprecedented level in survey design this is a uniquely "democratic" process!
Survey Cadence Optimization Committee
Rubin LSST survey design
2017
80,000
Rubin LSST survey design
Rubin has involved the community to an unprecedented level in survey design this is a uniquely "democratic" process!
2019
80,000
Rubin LSST survey design
Rubin has involved the community to an unprecedented level in survey design this is a uniquely "democratic" process!
2023
80,000
Rubin LSST survey design
Rubin has involved the community to an unprecedented level in survey design this is a uniquely "democratic" process!
2024
80,000
Rubin LSST survey design
Rubin has involved the community to an unprecedented level in survey design this is a uniquely "democratic" process!
2024
2024
80,000
Rubin LSST survey design up to 2018
# pairs of observations (1e5)
time gaps (days)
Introducing Rolling Cadence
Current plan: rolling 8 out of the 10 years
Rubin LSST survey design up to 2018
# pairs of observations (1e5)
time gaps (days)
Proposed 3 intranight obs
2 within 1 hour in different filters
1 at 4-8 hours separation w repeat filter
Intranight color (near instantaneous)
Intranight rate of change (~hour time scales)
Presto-Color, Bianco+ 2019
newer simulations ->
<-bad good ->
newer simulations ->
4 – 24 hour gaps between epochs will enable kilonova parameter estimation
Kilonovae in LSST Wide Fast Deep
Andreoni+ 2022a
Rubin ToO program
Rubin ToO program
What can we do with LSST SN data??
7% of LSST data
The rest
federica bianco - fbianco@udel.edu
Rubin will see ~1000 SN every night!
Credit: Alex Gagliano University of Illinois, IAIFI fellow 2023
Photometric Classification
highest participation of any astronomical Kaggle challenges
The PLAsTiCC challenge winner, Kyle Boone was a grad student at Berkeley, and did not use a Neural Network!
He won $2,000
Dr. Somayeh Khakpash
LSSTC Catalyst Fellow, Rutgers
Rare classes will become common, but how do we know what we are looking at and classify different objects for sample studies?
Data-Driven Photometric Templates for stripped SESN
on the job market!
Khakpash et al. 2024 ApJS https://arxiv.org/pdf/2405.01672
FASTlab Flash highlight
Siddarth Chiaini, UDelaware
Most classifiers for variable stars use Random Forest (not distance based)
In distance based classification, optimal distances can be found for the class of interest: flexible, customizable, efficient
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.12120.pdf
Astronomy and computing
FASTlab Flash highlight
Willow Fox Fortino
UDel grad student
When they go high, we go low
Classification power vs spectral resolution for SNe subtypes
Neural Network
classifier architectures:
- transformers
- CNNs
FASTlab Flash highlight
LSST color-color magnitude diagram for the Type Ibc simulations from 100 to about 450 d after explosion. We show the color curves r − i vs. g − r for our He-star explosion models from 100 d (indicated by a star symbol) until the end of the simulation at around 450 d. Dots are equally spaced in time every 20 d. The arrow corresponds to the color shift caused by AV = 1 mag.
Persistent Observations Give Extensive Time Lightcurves
Leveraging image quality
Riley Clarke, UDelware
Stars that flare ΔDCR
on the job market!
FASTlab Flash highlight
Over the five-year window considered in this analysis, we predict to have 18 000 SNe Ia with at least five LSST observations (in any filter) with SNR > 3 [...]However, we predict that approximately 3700 SNe will have at least five Euclid detections with SNR > 3, and 1900 SNe will have at least ten detections with SNR > 3 from Euclid.
7% of LSST data
10k SN in Euclide DDF South
7% of LSST data
The LSST
Science Collaborations
The LSST
Science Collaborations
A community of practice funded on principles of Equity, Inclusivity, Cooperation
what's in a name?
The first ground-based national US observatory named after a woman, Dr. Vera C. Rubin
An international community of practice built on principles of cooperation, equity, and solidarity
Rubin LSST Science Collaborations
8 teams
>2000 members
>2500 affiliations
5 continents
Rubin LSST Science Collaborations
Text
Shar Daniels
NSF Graduate Student Fellow
University of Delaware
TVS Science Collaboration
Fast Transient Subgroup
join TVS! no fees no minimum req
Chair: Igor Andreoni
Rubin LSST Science Collaborations
late 2024-
early 2025
~6-9 months
alerts build up
ls.st/dates
| The First Look press conference is tentatively scheduled for June 17 2025 |
first data release ~1.5-2y from now
| 15-Apr-2025 |
| The First Look press conference is tentatively scheduled for June 17 2025 |
| The First Look press conference is tentatively scheduled for June 17 2025 |
| 04-Jul-2025 |
thank you!
University of Delaware
Department of Physics and Astronomy
Biden School of Public Policy and Administration
Data Science Institute
federica bianco
Rubin Construction
Deputy Project Scientist
fbianco@udel.edu
Rubin Observatory
Site: Cerro Pachon, Chile
Funding: US NSF + DOE
To accomplish this, we need:
1) a large telescope mirror to be sensitive - 8m (6.7m)
2) a large field-of-view for sky-scanning speed - 10 deg2
3) high spatial resolution, high quality images - 0.2''/pixels
4) process images in realtime and offline to produce live alerts and catalogs of all 37B objects
Objective: provide a science-ready dataset to transform the 4 key science area
2025
@fedhere
At this level of precision,everything is variable, everything is blended, everything is moving.
SDSS
LSST-like HSC composite
|
Field of View' Image resolution' DDFs' Standard visit' Photometric precision' Photometric accuracy' Astrometric precision' Astrometric accuracy' |
9.6 sq deg 0.2'' (seeing limited) 5 DDF 30 sec 5 mmag 10 mmag 10 mas 50 mas |
' requirement: ls.st/srd
SDSS 2x4 arcmin sq griz
MYSUC (Gawiser 2014) 1 mag shallower than LSST coadds
| u,g,r,i,z,y | |
|---|---|
|
Photometric filters' saturation limit' # visits* mag single image* mag coadd* Nominal cadence |
u, g, r, i, z, y ~15, 16, 16, 16, 15, 14 53, 70, 185, 192, 168, 165 23.34, 23.2, 24.05, 23.55 22.03 25.4, 26.9, 27.0, 26.5, 25.8, 24.9 2-3 visits per night |
At this level of precision,everything is variable, everything is blended, everything is moving.
' requirement: ls.st/srd
Rubin LSST Science Collaborations
8 SCs - 6 continents - 2000 people - 25 countries
number are quite a bit larger now! this plot is from ~2022
on the right is a connectivity network for the SCs
Rubin Observatory Status
5 / 2019
May 2022 - Telescope Mount Assembly
12/2022 TMA in action
weight 2e5 kg, max slew rate 0.2 rad/s
Most of the weight in a 10m disk
Angular momentum
5,000,000 ~\mathrm{kg~m^2 s^{-1}}
The DOE LSST Camera - 3.2 Gigapixel
3024 science raft amplifier channels
Camera and Cryostat integration completed at SLAC in May 2022,
Shutter and filter auto-changer integrated into camera body
LSSTCam undergoing final stages of testing at SLAC
July 2024 ComCam installed on the telescope after M1M2 installation - Comcam is a 144Mpix version of LSSTCam
artist (me) impression of the first image taken by ComCam
https://community.lsst.org/c/news/7
telescope's optical alignment close to optimal and the system delivering an image quality of around 1.5 arcseconds.
The Data Management system effectively processed images, providing astrometric and photometric solutions.
AOS commissioning successfully running the system in a closed-loop configuration.
Continuous improvements in image quality were observed, achieving sub-arcsecond PSF FWHM
achieving PSF FWHM of 0.7" on several nights.
Observations for science pipeline commissioning continued, including filter exchanges and initial tests of difference image analysis and photometric calibration.
AOS closed loop was operating with over 90% of the optical degrees of freedom enabled.
Full-color six-band (ugrizy) coverage of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South (ECDFS) LSST Deep Drilling Field.
Flux measurements demonstrated high repeatability across multiple nights and varying airmass.
The Data Management System successfully processed data with Difference Image Analysis, producing candidate sources and alerts.
Efforts were focused on increasing operational efficiency, including shutter open efficiency and telescope motion speed.
Repeated imaging in r and i bands allowed to build templates for six target fields.
First association of Solar System Object detections
A new single-night record of 99 in-focus visits taken with the automated scheduler.
LSST
data products
federica bianco - fbianco@udel.edu
Time
Domain
Science
Static
Science
Alerts based
Catalog based
Deep stack
based
Deep stack
based
Rubin Observatory LSST
federica bianco - fbianco@udel.edu
Data Products
federica bianco - fbianco@udel.edu
data right holders only
federica bianco - fbianco@udel.edu
Rubin In-Kind Contribution Program
federica bianco - fbianco@udel.edu
world public!
10Million alerts per night!
LSST survey strategy optimization
Exploring the Transient and Variable Optical Sky
Exploring the Transient and Variable Optical Sky
Exploring the Transient and Variable Optical Sky
Exploring the Transient and Variable Optical Sky
Exploring the Transient and Variable Optical Sky
Exploring the Transient and Variable Optical Sky
LSST Science Book (2009)
Operation Simulator (OpSim)
simulates the catalog of LSST observations + observation properties
Metric Analysi Framwork (MAF)
Python API to interact with OpSims specifying science performance on a science case with a metric
Lynne Jones
Peter Yoachim
~100s simulations
~1000s MAFs
Rubin LSST survey design
Rubin LSST survey design
Rubin has involved the community to an unprecedented level in survey design this is a uniquely "democratic" process!
Rubin LSST survey design
Rubin has involved the community to an unprecedented level in survey design this is a uniquely "democratic" process!
Rubin LSST survey design
Rubin has involved the community to an unprecedented level in survey design this is a uniquely "democratic" process!
85% submissins led by SC members
Rubin LSST survey design
Rubin has involved the community to an unprecedented level in survey design this is a uniquely "democratic" process!
Survey Cadence Optimization Committee
Rubin LSST survey design
Rubin has involved the community to an unprecedented level in survey design this is a uniquely "democratic" process!
Survey Cadence Optimization Committee
Rubin LSST survey design
Rubin has involved the community to an unprecedented level in survey design this is a uniquely "democratic" process!
Survey Cadence Optimization Committee
Rubin LSST survey design
2017
Rubin LSST survey design
Rubin has involved the community to an unprecedented level in survey design this is a uniquely "democratic" process!
2019
Rubin LSST survey design
Rubin has involved the community to an unprecedented level in survey design this is a uniquely "democratic" process!
2023
Rubin LSST survey design
Rubin has involved the community to an unprecedented level in survey design this is a uniquely "democratic" process!
2024
Rubin LSST survey design
Rubin has involved the community to an unprecedented level in survey design this is a uniquely "democratic" process!
2024
2024
LSST ToO program
The main Rubin assets are the 10 sqdeg FoV + rapid slew + depth
PSTN-055 (2022): The SCOC recommends a ToO program be enabled to respond to Gravitational Waves and MMA triggers with a fraction of ≤ 3% of dedicated survey time, with the possibility of extending it to additional types of targets in the future.
federica bianco - fbianco@udel.edu
Rubin ToO program
+80 authors!
Rubin ToO program
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2411.04793
Rubin ToO program
What about fast transients in the main survey?
cepheid
The minutes-second-subsecond Universe
- GRB afterglow
- Off-axis GRB
- Kilonovae
- SN-GRB breakout
- SN-GRB pop studies
- Fast Radio Bursts
- relativistic TDEs
- X-ray binary stars
- cataclysmic variable stars
- blazars
- stellar flares
- solar system occultations
- technosignatures
Željko Ivezić et al 2019 ApJ 873 111
LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products
Marshall et al. 2017
Mortersen et al. 2019
Fast transients in LSST Wide Fast Deep
Smith +2019
Ragosta+ et al. 2023
Rubin LSST survey design
~800 per field
10 seasons, with each 6 months
2 visits per night (within ~30 min for Solar System Science)
revisit time => 4.5 nights
This will scatter significantly (weather, moon, ...)
The original survey plan didn't lead to good time domain astronomy (TDA) outcomes:
2 intranight obs in same filer +
2 intranight obs in another filter ~5 day later
Rubin LSST survey design
GRB =>
~800 per field
10 seasons, with each 6 months
2 visits per night (within ~30 min for Solar System Science)
revisit time => 4.5 nights
This will scatter significantly (weather, moon, ...)
The original survey plan didn't lead to good time domain astronomy (TDA) outcomes:
2 intranight obs in same filer +
2 intranight obs in another filter ~5 day later
Introducing Rolling Cadence
Current plan: rolling 8 out of the 10 years
Rubin LSST survey design up to 2018
# pairs of observations (1e5)
time gaps (days)
based on 2017 LSST simulations
2017 simulations: between 3 and 32 KN can be identified (~300 detected)
Text
Proposed 3 intranight obs
2 within 1 hour in different filters
1 at 4-8 hours separation w repeat filter
Intorducing Triplets
Intranight color (near instantaneous)
Intranight rate of change (~hour time scales)
Current plan: rolling 8 out of the 10 years
Presto-Color, Bianco+ 2019
Proposed 3 intranight obs
2 within 1 hour in different filters
1 at 4-8 hours separation w repeat filter
Intorducing Triplets
Text
Intranight color (near instantaneous)
Intranight rate of change (~hour time scales)
Ofek+ 2024
Proposed 3 intranight obs
2 within 1 hour in different filters
1 at 4-8 hours separation w repeat filter
Intorducing Triplets
Current plan: 4% of the survey is currently conducted in triplets
Intranight color (near instantaneous)
Intranight rate of change (~hour time scales)
Ofek+ 2024
newer simulations ->
<-bad good ->
2023 simulations: 62% improvement
newer simulations ->
4 – 24 hour gaps between epochs will enable kilonova parameter estimation
Kilonovae in LSST Wide Fast Deep
Andreoni+ 2022a
2023 simulations: 62% improvement
newer simulations ->
4 – 24 hour gaps between epochs will enable kilonova parameter estimation
Kilonovae in LSST Wide Fast Deep
Andreoni+ 2022a
GRB =>
2023 simulations: 62% improvement
newer simulations ->
4 – 24 hour gaps between epochs will enable kilonova parameter estimation
Kilonovae in LSST Wide Fast Deep
Andreoni+ 2022a
GRB =>
https://pstn-056.lsst.io/
Proposed reduction to 6 rolling years (3 2-year cycles) to improve intrasurvey uniformity
https://pstn-056.lsst.io/
8y rolling
no rolling
6y rolling
~7% loss in KN characterization
Proposed reduction to 6 rolling years (3 2-year cycles) to improve intrasurvey uniformity
Shar Daniels
NSF Graduate Student Fellow
University of Delaware
TVS Science Collaboration
Fast Transient Subgroup
join TVS! no fees no minimum req
Chair: Igor Andreoni
Shar Daniels
NSF Graduate Student Fellow
University of Delaware
TVS Science Collaboration
Fast Transient Subgroup
Fast Transients MetricsCOordinations and White Paper
Let's work together!
join the overleaf paper
This is urgent! results must come through in the next ~ 2 months or the strategy may be set for year 1
Padova 2025 Bianco
By federica bianco
Padova 2025 Bianco
Supernovae and Transients Opportunities with Rubin LSST
